Enhanced resolution of marine viruses with violet side scatter

Zhao, Yuan; Zhao, Yanchu; Zheng, Shan; Zhao, Li; Zhang, Wuchang; Xiao, Tian; Grégori, Gérald

doi:10.1002/cyto.a.24674

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Briefly, lysate was fixed with 1% glutaraldehyde solution in the dark at 4° C for at least 1 h. Lysate was then stained with SYBR Gold (Invitrogen; Waltham, MA) at a final concentration 0.5X at 80° C for 10 min. Virus particles were enumerated on a CytoFLEX flow cytometer (C07821) equipped with a violet and a blue laser (Beckman Coulter; Brea, CA) (Chase et al, 2023; Zhao et al, 2023).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diel disconnect between cell growth and division inAureococcusis interrupted by giant virus infection

Truchon,

Chase,

Stark

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Viruses of eukaryotic algae have become an important topic due to their roles in nutrient cycling and top-down control of algal blooms. Omics-based studies have identified a boon of genomic and transcriptional potential among theNucleocytoviricota, a phylum of large dsDNA viruses which have been shown to infect algal and non-algal eukaryotes. However, little is still understood regarding the infection cycle of these viruses, particularly in how they take over a metabolically active host and convert it into a virocell state. Of particular interest are the roles light and the diel cycle in virocell development. Yet despite such a large proportion ofNucleocytoviricotainfecting phototrophs, little work has been done to tie infection dynamics to the presence, and absence, of light. Here, we examine the role of the diel cycle on the physiological and transcriptional state of the pelagophyteAureococcus anophagefferenswhile undergoing infection byKratosvirus quantuckense. Our observations demonstrate how infection by the virus interrupts the diel growth and division of this cell line, and that infection further complicates the system by enhancing export of cell biomass.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diel disconnect between cell growth and division inAureococcusis interrupted by giant virus infection

Truchon,

Chase,

Stark

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Viral particle abundance within concentrated lysate (Chase et al, 2022c) and host cell density (Chase et al, 2022d) were both determined by flow cytometry. Briefly, a Cytoflex Flow Cytometer system (Beckman Coulter) equipped with a violet laser (Zhao et al, 2023) was used to enumerate viral particles stained with SYBR Gold Nucleic Acid Stain (Invitrogen). A. anophagefferens cells were enumerated based on autofluorescence.…”

Section: Procedures For Enumerating Viral Particles and Host Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time of day of infection shapes development of a eukaryotic algal-Nucleocytoviricotavirocell

Chase,

Truchon,

Creasey

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Aureococcus anophagefferensrepresents one component of a model host-virus system (with the "giant virus"Kratosvirus quantuckense). Studies to define its ribocell (uninfected cells) and virocell (virus-infected cells) forms are needed, as both are abundant during algal blooms. A linkage between light-derived energy, virus particle production and virocell formation has been noted. We explored how the time of day (morning, afternoon, late day) of virus-host contact shaped virocell ontogeny. In parallel, we explored the need for light derived energy in this mixotrophic plankter by inhibiting photosystem II (PSII). Using flow cytometry and photochemical assessments, we examined the physiology of infected cells and controls, and estimated virus particle production by virocells. We observed distinct differences between ribocell and virocell response to treatments, including reductions in virus particle production during reduced light (i.e., duration) and PSII inhibition. Collectively this work demonstrates the importance of light in shaping the fate of infected cells and provides insight into the factors that constrainin situblooms. Most significantly, we show that time of day when a virus and host come into contact influences viral particle production, and therefore bloom dynamics; a factor that needs to be considered in future bloom modeling work.

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The diel disconnect between cell growth and division in Aureococcus is interrupted by giant virus infection

Truchon,

Chase,

Stark

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Viruses of eukaryotic algae have become an important research focus due to their role(s) in nutrient cycling and top-down control of algal blooms. Omics-based studies have identified a boon of genomic and transcriptional potential among the Nucleocytoviricota, a phylum of large dsDNA viruses which have been shown to infect algal and non-algal eukaryotes. However, little is still understood regarding the infection cycle of these viruses, particularly in how they take over a metabolically active host and convert it into a virocell state. Of particular interest are the roles light and the diel cycle in virocell development. Yet despite such a large proportion of Nucleocytoviricota infecting phototrophs, little work has been done to tie infection dynamics to the presence, and absence, of light. Here, we examine the role of the diel cycle on the physiological and transcriptional state of the pelagophyte Aureococcus anophagefferens while undergoing infection by Kratosvirus quantuckense strain AaV. Our observations demonstrate how infection by the virus interrupts the diel growth and division of this cell strain, and that infection further complicates the system by enhancing export of cell biomass.

show abstract

Enhanced resolution of marine viruses with violet side scatter

Abstract: Marine viruses make up an essential compartment of the marine ecosystem. They are the most abundant organisms and represent one of the biggest sources of unknown biodiversity. Viruses also have an important impact on bacterial and algal mortality in

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

The diel disconnect between cell growth and division inAureococcusis interrupted by giant virus infection

The diel disconnect between cell growth and division inAureococcusis interrupted by giant virus infection

Time of day of infection shapes development of a eukaryotic algal-Nucleocytoviricotavirocell

The diel disconnect between cell growth and division in Aureococcus is interrupted by giant virus infection

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