Enhanced resistance to coldwater disease following feeding of probiotic bacterial strains to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Burbank, David R.; Shah, Devendra H.; LaPatra, Scott E.; Fornshell, Gary; Cain, Kenneth D.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.09.004

Cited by 54 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The sequences were edited, aligned and phyologenetic analysis (data not shown) was performed as described previously [7]. The 16S rRNA gene sequence from L. monocytogenes strain showed 99.9% similarity with several L. monocytogenes strains in the GenBank database, but serotype of this isolate could not be determined based on the 16S rDNA sequence similarity.…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes in an urban poultry flock

Crespo

Garner²,

Hopkins

et al. 2013

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundListeria monocytogenes infection is most commonly recognized in ruminants, including cattle, sheep, and goats; but it is rarely diagnosed in poultry. This report describes an outbreak of L. monocytogenes in a backyard poultry flock. Also, it points out the importance of collaboration between veterinarians and public health departments and the possible implications of zoonotic diseases.Case presentationDepression, lack of appetite, labored breathing, and increased mortality were noted for 5 months in several affected birds within the flock. The pathologic changes in the internal organs of infected birds included severe myocarditis, pericarditis, pneumonia, hepatitis, and splenitis. No lesions were noted in the brain. Gram-positive organisms were seen in histologic sections of the heart and spleen. Listeria monocytogenes was detected by real time PCR from formalin fixed heart and spleen, and was isolated from fresh lung, spleen, and liver. This isolate was identified as L. monocytogenes serotype 4b by 16S rDNA sequencing and by PCR-based serotyping assay.ConclusionsThis is the first report describing outbreak of L. monocytogenes in backyard poultry flock in Washington State and use of molecular methods to confirm L. monocytogenes infection from formalin fixed tissues.

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Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes in an urban poultry flock

Crespo

Garner²,

Hopkins

et al. 2013

BMC Vet Res

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“…Supernatant of CSF 259-93 was harvested by pelleting the cells at 1,600 ϫ g for 10 min at 15°C and sterilizing them with 0.22-m syringe filters or Anatop 25 syringe filter units (Whatman) with a 0.1-m pore size. Harvesting of CSF 259-93 for the infection challenge followed the methods of Burbank et al (24). CFU per ml were counted using the drop-plate method originally described by Chen et al (28).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feed with the probiotic strains was prepared according to the method of Burbank et al (24), with minor modifications. Briefly, the quantity of feed (g) was calculated daily, and rations were prepared fresh every day in 50-ml conical tubes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entericidin Is Required for a Probiotic Treatment (Enterobacter sp. Strain C6-6) To Protect Trout from Cold-Water Disease Challenge

Schubiger

Orfe

Sudheesh

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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c Flavobacterium psychrophilum causes bacterial cold-water disease in multiple fish species, including salmonids. An autochthonous Enterobacter strain (C6-6) inhibits the in vitro growth of F. psychrophilum, and when ingested as a putative probiotic, it provides protection against injection challenge with F. psychrophilum in rainbow trout. In this study, low-molecular-mass (<3 kDa) fractions from both Enterobacter C6-6 and Escherichia coli K-12 culture supernatants inhibited the growth of F. psychrophilum. The <3-kDa fraction from Enterobacter C6-6 was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, and subsequent tandem mass spectroscopy identified EcnB, which is a small membrane lipoprotein that is a putative pore-forming toxin. Agar plate diffusion assays demonstrated that ecnAB knockout strains of both Enterobacter C6-6 and E. coli K-12 no longer inhibited F. psychrophilum (P < 0.001), while ecnAB-complemented knockout strains recovered the inhibitory phenotype (P < 0.001). In fish experiments, the engineered strains (C6-6 ⌬ecnAB and C6-6 ⌬ecnAB) and the wild-type strain (C6-6) were added to the fish diet every day for 38 days. On day 11, the fish were challenged by injection with a virulent strain of F. psychrophilum (CSF 259-93). Fish that were fed C6-6 had significantly longer survival than fish fed the ecnAB knockout strain (P < 0.0001), while fish fed the complemented knockout strain recovered the probiotic phenotype (P ‫؍‬ 0.61). This entericidin is responsible for the probiotic activity of Enterobacter C6-6, and it may present new opportunities for therapeutic and prophylactic treatments against similarly susceptible pathogens. P robiotics are defined as live or dead microbial feed supplements that provide health benefits to the host animal (1). Probiotic strains of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus (2) have been used successfully in people and terrestrial animals, including poultry (3) and cattle (4), for the past century. Probiotic supplementation has gained attention from the aquaculture industry during the last 2 decades, especially for shrimp production, where antibiotic treatment has been reduced dramatically in favor of supplementing feed with commercially available probiotics composed of Bacillus subtilis and Vibrio alginolyticus (5, 6). In aquaculture, a probiotic is further defined as a live microbial cell that, when administered via the feed or to the rearing water, benefits the host by improving disease resistance, health and growth performance, feed utilization, stress response, and meat quality (7,8). The mechanism of action of probiotics has been defined vaguely as improving the host's "microbial balance" (9) or the balance of the ambient environment, but molecular mechanisms are rarely investigated further, even though a number of applied studies have demonstrated probiotic efficacy against a variety of Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens in fish and shellfish (7).In the case of salmonid species, such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus ...

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“…psychrophilum in vitro , but failed to control this pathogen in vivo . Otherwise, strains belonging to the Pseudomonas (Korkea-Aho et al 2011) and Enterobacter (Burbank et al 2011) genus exhibited good results in in vivo tests, but have been not yet applied in mass cultures in order to evaluate their effectiveness at commercial scale. Unfortunately, these recent successful advances have been only addressed by using antagonists in the planktonic state, and it is not known the effect that antagonists may have on the formation of F .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Flavobacterium psychrophilum biofilm formation using a biofilm of the antagonist Pseudomonas fluorescen s FF48

et al. 2013

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The most important bacterial pathology currently occurring in Chilean freshwater salmon farming is the cold-water disease produced by the psychrotrophic bacteria Flavobacterium psychrophilum. The main aim of this study was to characterize the inhibitory activity of an antagonist strain on the formation of biofilms of a F. psychrophilum strain. The antagonistic strain Pseudomonas fluorescens FF48 was isolated from the sediment beneath the salmon cages of a freshwater Chilean salmon farm and was identified by using the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The production of siderophores, mainly during the stationary phase of growth of the antagonist strain was demonstrated using the Chrome Azurol S method and through F. psychrophilum inhibition under iron saturation conditions. Subsequently, the effect of the antagonist supernatant on the formation of F. psychrophilum biofilm was tested using the crystal violet staining method observing an inhibition of the growth of F. psychrophilum, but no effect was observed when iron saturation concentrations were used. Furthermore, when the antagonist strain was previously deposited on the support, it completely inhibited the formation of F. psychrophilum biofilms, but when both bacteria were inoculated simultaneously no inhibitory effect was detected. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that FF48 strain is able to inhibit the formation of F. psychrophilum biofilms in vitro probably mediated by the siderophore production, suggesting its potential use as a biocontrol biofilm in freshwater fish rearing systems to prevent the persistence of biofilms of the fish pathogenic species F. psychrophilum.

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Enhanced resistance to coldwater disease following feeding of probiotic bacterial strains to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Cited by 54 publications

References 28 publications

Outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes in an urban poultry flock

Outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes in an urban poultry flock

Entericidin Is Required for a Probiotic Treatment (Enterobacter sp. Strain C6-6) To Protect Trout from Cold-Water Disease Challenge

Inhibition of Flavobacterium psychrophilum biofilm formation using a biofilm of the antagonist Pseudomonas fluorescen s FF48

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