Three
types of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, MWCNTs-OH,
and MWCNTs-COOH) were used as carriers and five types of ionic liquids
(ILs) were immobilized on each carrier by an impregnation method.
Boehm titration, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy, specific surface area analysis by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
method, and thermogravimetric analysis were performed to investigate
[C4mim]HSO
4
adsorption by the MWCNTs. The MWCNT-immobilized
IL was used for Cr(VI) removal from a water phase. The adsorption
properties of MWCNTs-COOH-immobilized [C4mim]HSO
4
were
investigated by single-factor analysis. The results showed that the
Cr(VI) removal rate was 52.14% and the adsorption capacity was 31.29
mg/g. The optimum adsorption conditions were as follows: initial Cr(VI)
concentration, 60 mg/L; adsorbent dosage, 50 mg; pH 2.0; adsorption
temperature 40 °C; and adsorption time, 200 min. Adsorption isotherm
data fitted the Freundlich model, which indicates that the adsorption
process was in line with the multimolecular layer adsorption theory.
The Cr(VI) adsorption behaviors of the three adsorbents were consistent
with a pseudo-second-order dynamic model. Thermodynamic analysis of
the reaction systems was also performed. The Cr(VI) removal rates
of MWCNTs-3, MWCNTs-OH-3, and MWCNTs-COOH-3 were 27.97, 9.39, and
7.34% lower than the initial removal rates after five cycles.