“…Germanium antimony telluride (GST) is a well-known phase change material, 30,31 which has been vigorously applied for metasurface modulation, 32–34 all-photonic non-volatile multi-level memory, 35 circuits 36,37 and optoelectronic switches. 38 However, their modulation frequencies are mostly in the infrared region, 39–42 which fails to address much wider applications in the visible region.…”