Enhanced production of Th1- and Th2-type antibodies and induction of regulatory T cells in mice by oral administration of Cyclopia extracts with similar phenolic composition to honeybush herbal tea

Yoshida, Tadashi; Malherbe, Christiaan J.; Okon, Kazunobu; Miura, Yutaka; Hattori, Makoto; Matsuda, Hiroshi; Muller, Christo J. F.

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2019.103704

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The ingredients were selected based on the requirements for creating a food‐grade, more cost‐effective functional food ingredient. CSE was chosen as an interesting example of a bioactive extract (Yoshida et al, 2020 ) with relatively high levels of compounds belonging to different phenolic classes, for example, xanthone, benzophenone, dihydrochalcone, flavone, and flavanone. The major phenolic compounds present in CSE were the following (g/100 g extract): IDG (2.31); IMG (0.70); HPDG (0.36); PDG (1.35), hesperidin (0.99), mangiferin (2.41), isomangiferin (0.62), vicenin‐2 (0.20), and scolymoside (1.14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ingredients were selected based on the requirements for creating a food-grade, more cost-effective functional food ingredient. CSE was chosen as an interesting example of a bioactive extract (Yoshida et al, 2020) with relatively high levels of compounds belonging to dif- ready-to-drink beverage (Human et al, 2021) motivated the preparation of phytosomes. PC was selected as an unrefined, cost-effective source of phosphatidylcholine for complex formation.…”

Section: Formulation and Production Of Cse-nvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the present study, we selected a bioactive extract of Cyclopia subternata (CSE) to produce a food‐grade phytosome. The extract was shown to enhance immune responses and induce Treg differentiation in mice at a human‐equivalent dose relevant to a cup of tea (Yoshida et al, 2020 ). Not only does C. subternata contain a unique spectrum of C ‐glucosylated xanthones, benzophenones, and dihydrochalcones but these compounds have also been shown to degrade during high‐temperature processing in a model ready‐to‐drink beverage (Human et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Food‐grade phytosome vesicles for nanoencapsulation of labile C‐glucosylated xanthones and dihydrochalcones present in a plant extract matrix—Effect of process conditions and stability assessment

Human,

Aucamp,

de Beer

et al. 2023

Food Science & Nutrition

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Phytosomes consist of a phytochemical bound to the hydrophilic choline head of a phospholipid. Their use in food products is gaining interest. However, literature on the use of food‐grade solvents, crude plant extracts as opposed to pure compounds, and unrefined phospholipids to prepare phytosomes is limited. Furthermore, studies on compound stability are lacking. This study aimed to develop nano‐phytosome vesicles prepared from inexpensive food‐grade ingredients to improve the stability of polyphenolic compounds. Cyclopia subternata extract (CSE) was selected as a source of phenolic compounds. It contains substantial quantities of C‐glucosyl xanthones, benzophenones, and dihydrochalcones, compounds largely neglected to date. The effect of process conditions on the complexation of CSE polyphenols with minimally refined food‐grade fat‐free soybean lecithin (PC) was studied. The PC:CSE ratio, sonication time, and reaction temperature were varied. This resulted in phytosomes ranging in vesicle size (113.7–312.7 nm), polydispersity index (0.31–0.48), and zeta potential (−55.0 to −38.9 mV). Variation was also observed in the yield (93.5%–96.0%), encapsulation efficiency (3.7%–79.0%), and loading capacity (LC, 1.3%–14.7%). Vesicle size and LC could be tailored by adjusting the sonication time and PC:CSE ratio, respectively. Chemical interaction between the lipid and the phenolic compounds was confirmed with nuclear magnetic resonance. Phytosomal formulation protected the compounds against degradation when freeze‐dried samples were stored at 25 and 40°C for 6 months at low relative humidity. The study provided valuable information on the importance of specific process parameters in producing food‐grade phytosomes with improved phenolic stability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Formulation and Production Of Cse-nvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Food‐grade phytosome vesicles for nanoencapsulation of labile C‐glucosylated xanthones and dihydrochalcones present in a plant extract matrix—Effect of process conditions and stability assessment

Human,

Aucamp,

de Beer

et al. 2023

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…Honeybush extracts ( Cyclopia subternata and Cyclopia genistoides ) were administered to DO11.10 mice (a transgenic model that reacts to ovalbumin peptide antigens) at “cup‐of‐tea” strength, in substitution of their drinking water. Animals were fed a diet containing ovalbumin, and were then shown to have improved systemic humoral immune responses, according to enhanced production of antibodies (Th1‐ and Th2‐type) and induced differentiation of T‐reg cells (Yoshida et al, 2020). Their data allowed the authors to propose that regular ingestion of Honeybush tea may normalize the responses of the immune system.…”

Section: The Effects Of Phenolic Compounds On Systemic Inflammation A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic compounds can induce systemic and central immunomodulation, which result in a neuroprotective effect

Domínguez-Ávila

Salazar‐López

Montiel‐Herrera

et al. 2022

Journal of Food Biochemistry

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Inflammation may negatively impact health, particularly that of the central nervous system. Phenolic compounds are bioactive molecules present in fruits and vegetables with potential anti‐inflammatory effects. The purpose of the present work is to review the immunomodulatory bioactivities of phenolic compounds in the periphery and in the central nervous system. Results show that various types of phenolics are able to counter diet‐ or pathogen‐induced systemic inflammation (among others) in various models. In vitro data show significant effects of flavonoids and phenolic acids in particular; similar bioactivities were reported in vivo, when administering them as pure compounds or from fruit and vegetable extracts that contain them. In the central nervous system, phenolics counter chronic inflammation and aggressive acute inflammatory processes, such as ischemic events, when administered preemptively and even therapeutically. We therefore conclude that the immunomodulatory potential of phenolic compounds can maintain an adequate immune response; their regular consumption should therefore be prioritized in order to maintain health. Practical applications The immune response must be carefully regulated in order to avoid its deleterious effects. The present work highlights how phenolic compounds, dietary components ubiquitous in everyday diet, are able to maintain it within an adequate range. As humans are exposed to more proinflammatory stimuli (inadequate dietary pattern, mental stress, environmental pollution, chronic diseases, etc.), it becomes necessary to counter them, and consuming adequate amounts of foods that contain compounds with this ability is a rather simple strategy. Thus, the present work highlights how fruits and vegetables can help to maintain an adequate immune response that can preserve systemic health and that of the central nervous system. Furthermore, specific compounds contained in them can also be ideal candidates for additional in‐depth studies, which can potentially lead to the development of potent, targeted, and safe anti‐inflammatory molecules.

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“…& Zeyh. Furthermore, not all species produce equally effective food and/or nutraceutical extracts as demonstrated for immunomodulation 7,8 . With the phenolic composition of Cyclopia spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive off‐line CCC × LC‐DAD‐MS separation of Cyclopia pubescens Eckl. & Zeyh. phenolic compounds and structural elucidation of isolated compounds

Walters

Beer

Villiers

et al. 2020

Phytochemical Analysis

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Introduction The minor phenolic constituents of Cyclopia pubescens Eckl. & Zeyh. are unknown and one dimensional (1D) liquid chromatography (LC) is unable to provide sufficient separation. Methodology A two‐dimensional (2D) LC method incorporating normal‐phasehigh performance countercurrent chromatography (NP‐HPCCC) in the first dimension (1D) and reversed‐phase ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐UHPLC) as the second dimension (2D) was developed. The analytical HPCCC method was subsequently scaled up to semi‐preparative mode and fractions pooled based on phenolic sub‐groups. The phenolic compounds in selected fractions were subsequently isolated using RP‐HPLC on a C18 column. Isolated compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The absolute configurations of compounds were determined by optical rotation and electronic circular dichroism spectra. Sugars were identified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Results The comprehensive off‐line 2D CCC × LC method gave a good spread of the phenolic compounds. Orthogonality calculated using both the convex hull and conditional entropy methods were 81%. High‐resolution mass spectrometric fragmentation spectra obtained from a quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight instrument and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) spectral data were used to (tentatively) identify 32 phenolic compounds from the analytical CCC fractions. Of the seven isolated compounds, (2S)‐5‐O‐[α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl]eriodictyol (3) and (2S)‐5‐O‐[α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl]‐5,7,3′,4′‐tetrahydroxyflavan (4) were newly identified in all plants. The other isolated compounds were identified as (2S)‐5‐O‐[α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl]naringenin (1), R‐neo‐eriocitrin (2), 3‐O‐α‐l‐arabinopyranosyl‐3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (5), 4‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐Z‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (6) and 4‐(4′‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐4′‐hydroxy‐3′‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐butanone (7). Conclusions Among the 32 compounds (tentatively) identified, only six were previously identified in Cyclopia pubescens using 1D LC. Most of the isolated compounds were also identified for the first time in Cyclopia spp., improving the knowledge of the minor phenolic compounds of this genus.

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Enhanced production of Th1- and Th2-type antibodies and induction of regulatory T cells in mice by oral administration of Cyclopia extracts with similar phenolic composition to honeybush herbal tea

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Food‐grade phytosome vesicles for nanoencapsulation of labile C‐glucosylated xanthones and dihydrochalcones present in a plant extract matrix—Effect of process conditions and stability assessment

Food‐grade phytosome vesicles for nanoencapsulation of labile C‐glucosylated xanthones and dihydrochalcones present in a plant extract matrix—Effect of process conditions and stability assessment

Phenolic compounds can induce systemic and central immunomodulation, which result in a neuroprotective effect

Comprehensive off‐line CCC × LC‐DAD‐MS separation of Cyclopia pubescens Eckl. & Zeyh. phenolic compounds and structural elucidation of isolated compounds

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