Enhanced production of carbon nanotubes: combination of catalyst reduction and methane decomposition

Qian, Weizhong; Tang, Liu; Wei, Fei; Wang, Zhanwen; Li, Yongdan

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2003.08.017

Cited by 107 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, the challenge is that which metal is more active and provide better quality CNTs. Generally on the basis of the results in relevant studies, iron produces lower quality CNTs compared to Co and Ni [12][13]38,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. An alloy of two transition metals with each other or with other non-transition metals can dramatically improves the catalyst performance in terms of CNT quality and lowering the reaction temperature [33,[58][59][60][61].…”

Section: Catalystmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fluidized bed catalytic chemical vapor deposition synthesis of carbon nanotubes—A review

Danafar

Fakhru’l‐Razi

Salleh

et al. 2009

Chemical Engineering Journal

170

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a b s t r a c tCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are pure carbon in nanostructures with unique physico-chemical properties. They have brought significant breakthroughs in different fields such as materials, electronic devices, energy storage, separation, sensors, etc. If the CNTs are ever to fulfill their promise as an engineering material, commercial production will be required. Catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) technique coupled with a suitable reactor is considered as a scalable and relatively low-cost process enabling to produce high yield CNTs. Recent advances on CCVD of CNTs have shown that fluidized-bed reactors have a great potential for commercial production of this valuable material. However, the dominating process parameters which impact upon the CNT nucleation and growth need to be understood to control product morphology, optimize process productivity and scale up the process. This paper discusses a general overview of the key parameters in the CVD formation of CNT. The focus will be then shifted to the fluidized bed reactors as an alternative for commercial production of CNTs.

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Section: Catalystmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fluidized bed catalytic chemical vapor deposition synthesis of carbon nanotubes—A review

Danafar

Fakhru’l‐Razi

Salleh

et al. 2009

Chemical Engineering Journal

170

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“…This can be supplied in part by catalyst reduction that release heat, and which would further contribute to the breaking of the methane decomposing equilibrium by the consumption of hydrogen. [279] The combination of catalyst reduction and methane decomposition is a good way to increase the yield of CNTs. Thirdly, the growth of high purity CNTs and the facile release of them from the substrate can be simultaneously achieved by a CO 2 oxidation process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube Mass Production: Principles and Processes

et al. 2011

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Our society requires new materials for a sustainable future, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are among the most important advanced materials. This Review describes the state-of-the-art of CNT synthesis, with a focus on their mass-production in industry. At the nanoscale, the production of CNTs involves the self-assembly of carbon atoms into a one-dimensional tubular structure. We describe how this synthesis can be achieved on the macroscopic scale in processes akin to the continuous tonne-scale mass production of chemical products in the modern chemical industry. Our overview includes discussions on processing methods for high-purity CNTs, and the handling of heat and mass transfer problems. Manufacturing strategies for agglomerated and aligned single-/multiwalled CNTs are used as examples of the engineering science of CNT production, which includes an understanding of their growth mechanism, agglomeration mechanism, reactor design, and process intensification. We aim to provide guidelines for the production and commercialization of CNTs. Although CNTs can now be produced on the tonne scale, knowledge of the growth mechanism at the atomic scale, the relationship between CNT structure and application, and scale-up of the production of CNTs with specific chirality are still inadequate. A multidisciplinary approach is a prerequisite for the sustainable development of the CNT industry.

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“…Methane catalytically creaking to produce hydrogen and CNFs or CNTs is of significant importance because of its low cost, easy handling and scaling up [13]. It is also an alternative for methane fuel cell as this process will not produce either CO 2 or CO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of carbon nanotubes and microfibers over stainless steel mesh by cracking of methane

Gao

Kiwi‐Minsker

Renken

2008

Surface and Coatings Technology

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The La 2 NiO 4 film was synthesized on the 304 stainless steel (SS) mesh. The hydrogen reduction of La 2 NiO 4 generated homogeneous nanocatalyst particles (probably Ni/La 2 O 3 ) over which methane was cracked, producing carbon nanotubes/microfibers and hydrogen. The carbon nanotubes/microfibers were strongly bonded to the SS mesh. It was observed that the methane conversion always reached its maximum at the cracking temperature of 750°C regardless of its concentration varying from 5% to 100%. The cracking of 5% methane diluted in nitrogen generated multiwalled carbon nanotubes while the cracking of 10-100% methane resulted in the formation of carbon solid microfibers together with globular carbon particles. Higher concentration of methane created thicker carbon fibers and a 30% concentration of methane resulted in the highest deposits of carbon on the mesh. After a compressed air blow and ultrasonic treatment, the carbon deposits were still strongly adhered to the mesh. As a result of the carbon tubes/fibers coverage, the specific surface area of the SS mesh was enhanced significantly from 0.03 m 2 /g to 21-45 m 2 /g. XRD, HRTEM and Raman studies confirmed that the carbon products were of graphitic structure. Such advanced mesh material would have great application potential in industrial catalysis and other areas.

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Enhanced production of carbon nanotubes: combination of catalyst reduction and methane decomposition

Cited by 107 publications

References 21 publications

Fluidized bed catalytic chemical vapor deposition synthesis of carbon nanotubes—A review

Fluidized bed catalytic chemical vapor deposition synthesis of carbon nanotubes—A review

Carbon Nanotube Mass Production: Principles and Processes

Growth of carbon nanotubes and microfibers over stainless steel mesh by cracking of methane

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