“…[4,11,28] Additionally, the 2.0 wt% Pt/Co 2.73 Zr 0.27 O 4 catalyst possess the highest Co 2+ /Co total ratio when compared with the other catalysts (Table S2, Supporting Information), which indicates that this catalyst possesses the highest concentration of oxygen vacancies. [35] Furthermore, the O 1s signal of the catalysts, as shown in Figure 5b, includes three fitted peaks. The peaks labeled as O 1 , O 2 , and O 3 , centered at 529.7-529.9, 531.5-531.6, and 533.0-533.1 eV, are indexed to latticed oxygen (O 2− ), surface oxygen vacancies (O v ), and surface adsorbed hydroxyl species, respectively.…”