Enhanced plant leaf P and unchanged soil P stocks after a quarter century of warming in the arctic tundra

McLaren, Jennie R.; Buckeridge, Kate M.

doi:10.1002/ecs2.3838

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Parallelly, decreased acid phosphatase activity, increased enzyme C:N, and significantly decreased MBP result in an increase in the MBN:MBP [114]. Similar findings were made in long-term warming experiments in the Arctic tundra [115], where warming led to a decrease in phosphodiesterase activity, which, in turn, led to a decrease in MBP, and the authors speculated that warming possibly enhanced microbial N or P limitation to limit enzyme production [116]. However, a 21-year warming experiment on the Tibetan Plateau has revealed that warming did not affect hydrolase activity and ratios, nor did it significantly affect MBC:MBP.…”

Section: Impact Of Global Warmingsupporting

confidence: 78%

Global Climate Change Effects on Soil Microbial Biomass Stoichiometry in Alpine Ecosystems

Chen

Gao

2022

Land

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Alpine ecosystems are sensitive to global climate change-factors, which directly or indirectly affect the soil microbial biomass stoichiometry. In this paper, we have compared the soil microbial biomass stoichiometry ratios of alpine ecosystems using the global average values. In the comparison, the responses and mechanisms of soil microbial biomass stoichiometry to nitrogen deposition, altered precipitation, warming, and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the alpine ecosystem were considered. The alpine ecosystem has a higher soil microbial-biomass-carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (MBC:MBN) than the global average. In contrast, the soil microbial-biomass-nitrogen-to-phosphorus (MBN:MBP) and carbon-to-phosphorus ratios (MBC:MBP) varied considerably in different types of alpine ecosystems. When compared with the global average values of these ratios, no uniform pattern was found. In response to the increase in nitrogen (N) deposition, on the one hand, microbes will adopt strategies to regulate extracellular enzyme synthesis and excrete excess elements to maintain stoichiometric balance. On the other hand, microbes may also alter their stoichiometry by storing excess N in their bodies to adapt to the increased N in the environment. Thus, a decrease in MBC:MBN and an increase in MBN:MBP are observed. In addition, N deposition directly and indirectly affects the soil fungal-to-bacterial ratio (F:B), which in turn changes the soil microbial biomass stoichiometry. For warming, there is no clear pattern in the response of soil microbial biomass stoichiometry in alpine ecosystems. The results show diverse decreasing, increasing, and unchanging patterns. Under reduced precipitation, microbial communities in alpine ecosystems typically shift to a fungal dominance. The latter community supports a greater carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N) and thus an increased soil MBC:MBN. However, increased precipitation enhances N effectiveness and exacerbates the leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and phosphorus (P) from alpine ecosystem soils. As a result, a decrease in the soil MBC:MBN and an increase in the soil MBN:MBP are evident. Elevated atmospheric CO2 usually has little effect on the soil MBC:MBN in alpine ecosystems, mainly because of two reasons. These are: (i) N is the main limiting factor in alpine ecosystems, and (ii) alpine ecosystems accumulate higher soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbes and preferentially decompose “old” carbon (C) stocks. The response of soil microbial stoichiometry to global climate change factors in alpine ecosystems is diverse, and the impact pathways are complex. Future studies need to focus on the combined effects of multiple global climate change factors on microbial stoichiometry and the mechanism of microbial stoichiometric balance.

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Section: Impact Of Global Warmingsupporting

confidence: 78%

Global Climate Change Effects on Soil Microbial Biomass Stoichiometry in Alpine Ecosystems

Chen

Gao

2022

Land

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“…Moreover, decomposition and mineralization processes are restrained due to low temperature [3,4] and poor drainage conditions [5], which limit microbial activity [6,7]. For example, in Toolik Lake, Alaska, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) pools range from 22 to 133 g N m −2 and from 2 to 15 g P m −2 in tundra soils [8]. In temperate and boreal soils of eastern Canada, N pools range from 475 to 1261 g N m −2 [9], and in boreal soils, P pools range from 9 to 12 g P m −2 [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N/P Addition Is More Likely Than N Addition Alone to Promote a Transition from Moss-Dominated to Graminoid-Dominated Tundra in the High-Arctic

et al. 2022

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Nutrient availability for tundra vegetation could change drastically due to increasing temperatures and frequency of nitrogen deposition in the Arctic. Few studies have simultaneously examined the response of plant communities to these two pressures over a long period. This study aims to assess which driver between increasing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability through global warming and increasing N availability alone via N deposition is more likely to transform arctic wetland vegetation and whether there is a time lag in this response. An annual fertilization experiment simulating these nutrient inputs was conducted for 17 years in the Canadian High-Arctic to assess the impact on aboveground net primary productivity, floristic composition, and plant nutrient concentration. While the primary productivity of mosses remains unchanged by fertilization after 17 years, productivity of graminoids was increased slightly by N addition (36% increase at the highest dose). In contrast, the primary productivity of graminoids increased strongly with N/P addition (over 227% increase). We noted no difference in graminoid productivity between the 2nd and 5th year of the experiment, but we observed a 203% increase between the 5th and 17th year in the N/P addition treatments. We also noted a 49% decrease in the total moss cover and an 155% increase in the total graminoid cover between the 2nd and 17th year of N/P addition. These results indicate that the impact of warming through increased N/P availability was greater than those of N deposition alone (N addition) and promoted the transition from a moss-dominated tundra to a graminoid-dominated tundra. However, this transition was subject to a time lag of up to 17 years, suggesting that increased productivity of graminoids resulted from a release of nutrients via the decomposition of lower parts of the moss mat.

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“…Hydrolytic C‐acquiring enzymes including β‐glucosidase (β‐gluc), cellobiohydrolase (Cello), β–xylosidase (β‐xylo) and α‐glucosidase (α‐gluc); N‐acquiring enzymes including N‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase (NAG) and LAP; and P‐acquiring enzymes including phosphatase (Phos) and phosphodiesterase (PhosD) were analysed. Hydrolytic enzymes were measured using fluorescently tagged substrates and oxidative enzymes (phenol oxidase (phenol) and peroxidase (perox)) using L‐3, 4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine substrate in a slurry with soil and sodium acetate buffer adjusted to the site‐specific soil pH (6.3 for low site, 4.4 for high site) following McLaren and Buckeridge (2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context dependence of warming‐induced shifts in montane soil microbial functions

Spinella,

Classen,

Sanders

et al. 2024

Functional Ecology

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High elevation and latitude ecosystems are experiencing high levels of anthropogenic atmospheric warming. Climate warming may directly change soil microbial activity and alter ecosystem carbon dynamics and productivity, but increasing evidence suggests these responses may depend on other biotic factors such as plant community composition and abiotic factors such as moisture. We examined how abiotic (warming) and biotic (presence of dominant plant species) factors interact to affect soil microbial processes. Our experiment deployed the independent and combined treatments of experimental warming and dominant plant species removal in a high and low elevation montane meadows. We analysed multiple soil microbial responses to warming and the presence of a dominant plant at three times throughout the growing season, including soil respiration, microbial metabolic functional diversity, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and extracellular enzyme potential activity. Overall, there were few independent microbial responses to either the warming or the removal treatments. There was a significant interaction between warming and the removal of a dominant plant species, where microbial biomass and the activity of some microbial enzymes were lower in warmed plots where the dominant species was removed relative to control plots. The effect of warming on extracellular enzyme activity was typically observed only at the high‐elevation site. In contrast, we found that effects of warming were consistent across the growing season, despite strong temporal variation in microbial properties. Our results emphasize the need to further consider soil microbial responses to warming under multiple environments, including shifts in both biotic and abiotic factors, to aid in predictions of carbon dynamics under future global change. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

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Enhanced plant leaf P and unchanged soil P stocks after a quarter century of warming in the arctic tundra

Cited by 11 publications

References 66 publications

Global Climate Change Effects on Soil Microbial Biomass Stoichiometry in Alpine Ecosystems

Global Climate Change Effects on Soil Microbial Biomass Stoichiometry in Alpine Ecosystems

N/P Addition Is More Likely Than N Addition Alone to Promote a Transition from Moss-Dominated to Graminoid-Dominated Tundra in the High-Arctic

Context dependence of warming‐induced shifts in montane soil microbial functions

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