Enhanced photovoltaic performance of ZnO nanorod-based dye-sensitized solar cells by using Ga doped ZnO seed layer

Dou, Yuanyao; Wu, Fang; Mao, Caiying; Fang, Liang; Guo, Shengchun; Zhou, Miao

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.02.039

Cited by 46 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Another method to optimize the ZnO NR's properties was by the preheating treatment for the seed layer [29][30][31][32]. Dou et al reported another way to increase photovoltaic performance of ZnO NR-based DSC, by using a Ga-doped seed layer [33]. Kim et al used an Al dopant in the ZnO seed layer to increase the photovoltaic output of ZnO-based DSC [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanorods with the Thickness of Less than or Equal to 1 μm through Zinc Acetate or Zinc Nitrate for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications

Bramantyo

Murakami

Okuya

et al. 2019

Journal of Engineering

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Arrays of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod (NR) were fabricated in a vertical axis direction through the two-step method of seed layer’s deposition and growth of the NR. The seed layer was applied by spin coating with a three-time repetition (n) and rotational speed (v) at 3000 rpm. After the seed layer had grown, ZnO NRs were grown with a growth solution made by combining one zinc source with one hydroxide source. There were two different zinc sources, i.e., zinc acetate dehydrate and zinc nitrate hexahydrate and, for comparison, zinc acetate (ZA) and zinc nitrate (ZN) were each combined with the same hydroxide source, hexamethylenetetramine (HMT). Later, the growth solutions were processed by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method using a waterbath machine. The CBD method was started at room temperature until it reached the designated temperature at 85°C. At that point, the growth time was calculated from the zero-minute condition. It was found that ZnO NRs had already grown at a thickness of about 100 nm for both ZA and ZN sources. The growth time varied at 15, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the zero-minute point. By using two separate and independent zinc sources while growing ZnO NRs at various growth periods, several ZnO NRs’ thicknesses were controlled. According to a paper by Lee et al., the lower thickness of ZnO NRs boosted the charge transfer properties of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because the series resistance between ZnO/perovskite interfaces was lessened. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were observed to analyze the morphological shape of the ZnO NRs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles were characterized to obtain the data for ZnO NR crystallinity. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) analysis was performed at the (002) ZnO peak to calculate the crystal size of the peak. From the results, the smallest crystallite sizes for ZnO NRs grown from ZA and ZN sources were 10.70 nm and 19.29 nm, respectively, which would be the most suitable condition for PSC application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanorods with the Thickness of Less than or Equal to 1 μm through Zinc Acetate or Zinc Nitrate for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications

Bramantyo

Murakami

Okuya

et al. 2019

Journal of Engineering

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“…Figure The low efficiency and J SC in manufactured DSSC with flower-shaped ZnO nanostructures based photoanode are attributed to its nonuniform distribution of flowers and low specific surface area (Surface area = 8.351 m 2 /g), resulting in moderate amount of dye absorption via the flower-shaped ZnO nanostructure based photoanode. The yielded photovoltaic parameters of manufactured DSSC are better than those of similarly DSSCs fabricated with ZnO-based photoanode [47][48][49][50][51][52]. Moreover, the low J SC of manufactured DSSC was affiliated to the low surface area and low efficiency of light harvesting.…”

Section: Ipce (%) = ηLh(λ) ηInj(λ) ηCol(λ)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…These factors might have restricted to achieve high performance and photocurrent density in DSSC using flower-shaped ZnO nanostructures based photoanode. Table 1 exhibits the photovoltaic performance of variety of fabricated DSSCs based on the utilization of different ZnO nanostructures as photoanodes [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for DSSCs with flower-shaped ZnO nanostructures has been performed to explain the charge transport and recombination mechanisms.…”

Section: Ipce (%) = ηLh(λ) ηInj(λ) ηCol(λ)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Growth of Flower-Shaped ZnO Nanostructures on FTO Substrate for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

et al. 2019

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The proposed work reports that ZnO nanoflowers were grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates via a solution process at low temperature. The high purity and well-crystalline behavior of ZnO nanoflowers were established by X-ray diffraction. The morphological characteristics of ZnO nanoflowers were clearly revealed that the grown flower structures were in high density with 3D floral structure comprising of small rods assembled as petals. Using UV absorption and Raman spectroscopy, the optical and structural properties of the ZnO nanoflowers were studied. The photoelectrochemical properties of the ZnO nanoflowers were studied by utilizing as a photoanode for the manufacture of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The fabricated DSSC with ZnO nanoflowers photoanode attained reasonable overall conversion efficiency of~1.40% and a short-circuit current density (J SC ) of~4.22 mA cm −2 with an open circuit voltage (V OC ) of 0.615 V and a fill factor (FF) of~0.54. ZnO nanostructures have given rise to possible utilization as an inexpensive and efficient photoanode materials for DSSCs.Crystals 2019, 9, 405 2 of 13 of recombination rate and efficient electron transport in the photoanode [15]. Most the reported DSSCs based on ZnO photoanodes are inferior to DSSCs based on the TiO 2 photoanode [16][17][18], which normally can be attributed to ZnO dissolution to Zn 2+ via the adsorbed acidic dye such as N3, N719, and black dye, resulting in the aggregate formation of Zn 2+ and dye molecules [19]. These aggregates formation of Zn 2+ /dye complexes are further blocked the injected electrons from the photoexcited dye molecules to the ZnO, which results in decrease in proper electron injection. It is realized that some extent of research on the improvement in performance of ZnO-based DSSC are needed to outperform the aggregates formation of Zn 2+ /dye complexes [19].ZnO is highly scrutinized n-type semiconducting oxide owing to its an unique wide band gap of 3.37 eV and considerable large exciton binding energy of~60 meV at ambient condition [20,21]. The unique properties of ZnO materials have attracted attention in the area of electrochemical and photoelectrochemical devices because they have special ability to grow a variety of different nanostructures [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Apart from thermal growth of ZnO, ZnO synthesis at low temperature solution processes has recently been popularized due to ease of processibility, high aspect growth ratio, low-cost, and high yield [30]. In past few years, researches are experimented to elevate the conversion efficiency of ZnO-based DSSCs by adopting different structural and morphological aspects like 1D, 2D, and 3D branched networks and mixed morphologies for preparing ZnO photoanodes [31][32][33]. Several works on the utilization of 1D and 2D ZnO-based photoanodes have already been reported, but the conversion efficiencies of DSSCs are not competent to TiO 2 based DSSCs [29][30][31][32][33].Herein, we report the low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis, characterization...

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“…[1][2][3] In this direction a lot of work has been done to use different kind of nanostructures in the cell active layer for efficient charge separation. [3][4][5] The nanorods in particular have proven better as compared to other nanostructures in increasing the efficiency of the solar cells. 5 6 The ZnO nanorods have been of particular interest because of its excellent application in the electron transport layers in the solar cells, 7 due to its wide and direct band gap of 3.37 eV and a large exciton binding energy of 60 meV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Zinc Nitrate Concentration on the Optical and Morphological Properties of ZnO Nanorods for Photovoltaic Applications

Kim¹,

Anwar²,

Heo³

et al. 2016

j nanosci nanotechnol

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We report the effect of zinc nitrate (ZN) concentration on the growth of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods and their optical and morphological properties. As prepared ZnO nanorods on glass substrate were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), ultra violet-visible (UV-Vis), Raman and Photo-luminescence (PL) spectroscopy. FE-SEM results show that the nanorods were obtained for the 0.033 and 0.053 M concentration of ZN. As the ZN concentration increased from 0.033 M to 0.053 M, the diameter of the nanorods was increased. It indicated that the diameter of the nanorods was affected by the ZN concentration. The Raman spectra of nanorods show only one peak at 438 cm(-1) corresponding to E2(high) high mode, which means that ZnO nanorods grown perpendicularly on the glass substrate, i.e., the ZnO nanorod arrays are highly c-axis oriented. Room-temperature PL spectrum of the as-grown ZnO nanorods reveals a near-band-edge (NBE) emission peak and defect induced green light emission. The green light emission band at -579 nm might be attributed to surface oxygen vacancies or defects. The UV-visible measurements reflect that the total transmittance for the as grown ZnO nanorods is over 80%. The simple technique presented in this study to grow ZnO nanorods on a glass substrate can be helpful for making the cost effective photovoltaic devices.

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Enhanced photovoltaic performance of ZnO nanorod-based dye-sensitized solar cells by using Ga doped ZnO seed layer

Cited by 46 publications

References 45 publications

Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanorods with the Thickness of Less than or Equal to 1 μm through Zinc Acetate or Zinc Nitrate for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications

Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanorods with the Thickness of Less than or Equal to 1 μm through Zinc Acetate or Zinc Nitrate for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications

Direct Growth of Flower-Shaped ZnO Nanostructures on FTO Substrate for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Effect of Zinc Nitrate Concentration on the Optical and Morphological Properties of ZnO Nanorods for Photovoltaic Applications

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