Enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting efficiency: Increasing the photo anode’s properties by doping on the fluorine doped tin oxide glass surface

Synergies of co-doping in ultra-thin hematite photoanodes for solar water oxidation: In and Ti as representative case

“…8 Several strategies have been adopted to overcome the intrinsic limitations of hematite: 14 for instance, tuning the electrode morphology, 15 introduce synergistic interfaces in two-dimensional stacks of semiconductors, 16,17 surface activation with co-catalysts, 18 and doping with various metal cations to change the electronic structure. 19,20 Both nanostructuring and doping in a-Fe 2 O 3 photoanodes have been extensively investigated to improve its PEC properties. 13,21 For instance, altering the electrode morphology in the form of nanoribbons, 22 nanobelts, 23 nanorods, 24 mesoporous layers 25 can reduce the charge recombination rate by providing a shorter path length for photogenerated holes to reach the surface, 26 where they can participate in the water oxidation process thereby enhancing the reaction rate and generating proton (H + ) for hydrogen production.…”