Enhanced photodynamic therapy and fluorescence imaging using gold nanorods for porphyrin delivery in a novel in vitro squamous cell carcinoma 3D model

Abstract

In this paper, we show enhanced photodynamic therapy and fluorescence imaging using cationic porphyrin photosensitizer TMPyP loaded gold nanorods in 2D monolayer cultures and a novel in vitro head and neck squamous cell carcinoma 3D model.

Tissue Engineering and Photodynamic Therapy: A New Frontier of Science for Clinical Application -An Up-To-Date Review

“…In the studies by Demir Duman et al (2020) , Etcheverry et al (2020) and Wu et al (2020) the effects of PDT with different third-generation PS on different 3D tumor models were studied. These being 1) nanocomposites of gold nanorods (Au NRs) with the cationic porphyrin TMPyP (5,10,15,20-tetrakis (1-methyl 4-pyridinium)porphyrin tetra (p-toluenesulfonate); 2) m-THPC and 3) pegylated liposomes containing mTHPC, respectively.…”

“…The interaction leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals, such as singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), that lead to the destruction of the target cells or tissue ( Qidwai et al, 2020 ; Sun et al, 2020 ). Generally, studies using PDT is performed in monolayer, in other words, two-dimensional (2D) in vitro models, with advantages related to simplicity of application and reliability ( Wu et al, 2020a ; Demir Duman et al, 2020 ). However, the use of these models ultimately misses the cellular interactions with the EMC and does not reproduce the microenvironment correctly ( Demir Duman et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Generally, studies using PDT is performed in monolayer, in other words, two-dimensional (2D) in vitro models, with advantages related to simplicity of application and reliability ( Wu et al, 2020a ; Demir Duman et al, 2020 ). However, the use of these models ultimately misses the cellular interactions with the EMC and does not reproduce the microenvironment correctly ( Demir Duman et al, 2020 ). The use of animal studies also has limitations, such as the cost and the time of the experiment, which are usually long.…”

“…The use of animal studies also has limitations, such as the cost and the time of the experiment, which are usually long. In order to circumvent these factors in both techniques, more and more investment is being made in 3D culture models, where the microenvironment is optimally reproduced ( Demir Duman et al, 2020 ). A direct advantage related to the use of PDT and his dependence on oxygen, is that the use of 3D models can incorporate the hypoxia that occurs in several tissues, like cancerous tissue ( Demir Duman et al, 2020 ).…”

Hybrid Plasmonics and Two-Dimensional Materials: Theory and Applications

“…3 Plasmonic nanostructures are widely used due to the subwavelength con¯nement of electro-magnetic¯eld and wide variability of tunability of the resonance response by geometrical tailoring. 4 They have found their applications in sensing, [5][6][7] bioimaging, [8][9][10][11] photothermal 8 and photodynamic therapy, 12 drug delivery, 11,13,14 metamaterials, 15,16 nanolasers, 17 stable colors 18 and for surface enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). 19 The subwavelength con¯nement of light also allows lithography 20,21 and nanoimaging 22 with sub-diffraction limited resolution.…”