“…Thus, structural deformations and presence of defects in the TiO 2 crystals might have formed by the substitution of Ti 4+ by Fe 3+ , which marginally reduces the crystallinity of TiO 2 [8]. As noted earlier, in composites with above 25% content of Fe 2 O 3 in TiO 2 , anatase TiO 2 peaks start diminishing while peaks for rutile phase start appearing.…”