“…This simple yet potent method has shown a high potential for reducing organic pollution by facilitating an absolute decrease in toxic substances [6]. Several photocatalyst materials have been described, such as ZnO, CuO, TiO 2 , WO 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , and CuO [7][8][9]; among them, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) stands out, especially due to its properties such as low cost, nontoxicity, and high stability in aqueous media and its safe handling [10,11]. However, the high aggregation tendency, low adsorption capacity, and difficult recovery of TiO 2 limit its application in water treatment [12,13]; therefore, many researchers have focused on the immobilization of TiO 2 on suitable support materials to alleviate the recovery efficiency of TiO 2 .…”