“…In 2023, many researchers [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ] employed nanocomposites and nanohybrids to be used as effective photocatalysts and harnessing light radiation for breaking down different kinds of dyes in contaminated wastewater such as Malachite Green, Rhodamine B, Methyl Orange, and Congo red in addition to food and juices dyes. In these processes, the highly reactive hydroxyl ( • OH) radicals are generated to convert water pollutants to benign end products, such as carbon dioxide and water.…”