Enhanced Performance of Germanium Halide Perovskite Solar Cells through Compositional Engineering

Kopacic, Indira; Friesenbichler, Bastian; Hoefler, Sebastian F.; Kunert, Birgit; Plank, Harald; Rath, Thomas; Trimmel, Gregor

doi:10.1021/acsaem.8b00007

Cited by 238 publications

(180 citation statements)

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“…The CBM is derived from antibonding states of Ge 4p and I 5p orbitals. [78] So far, there have been only a few reports on Ge halide perovskite solar cells, [75,82] which is likely due to the instability of the Ge 2+ toward oxidation to Ge 4+ . Because of the p-p transition, CsGeI 3 exhibits high optical absorption coefficients, comparable to those for Pb halide perovskites.…”

Section: Wwwadvmatde Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, theoretical calculations by Ming et al indicated that the Ge vacancy in CsGeI 3 is the dominant defect with shallow transition levels and rather low formation enthalpy, which yields a very high-density of holes, particularly at Ge-poor synthesis conditions. Recently, Kopacic et al [82] demonstrated that chemical composition engineering of MAGeI 3 by introducing bromide anions leads to a significant improvement in solar cell performance along with a slight enhancement of the material stability. [78] So far, there have been only a few reports on Ge halide perovskite solar cells, [75,82] which is likely due to the instability of the Ge 2+ toward oxidation to Ge 4+ .…”

Section: Wwwadvmatde Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives

2019

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serious challenges due to the inclusion of toxic Pb and instability against moisture, heat, and irradiation. In recent years, significant efforts have been paid to develop Pb-free halide perovskite and perovskite derivative absorber materials. However, so far, solar cells based on these materials show significantly inferior performances as compared to their Pb halide perovskite counterparts. Herein, we provide reviews on the fundamental understandings of the photovoltaic properties from Pb halide perovskites to Pb-free metal halide perovskites and perovskite derivatives as well as the experimental results reported in the literature. The results suggest that replacing Pb by nontoxic elements may degrade the superior photovoltaic properties seen in Pb halide perovskites, explaining the fact that all reported solar cells based on Pb-free perovskites or perovskite derivatives show performances significantly lower than Pb halide perovskite solar cells. Overview: Approaches and Consequences of Pb ReplacementWe first provide an overview of the approaches and consequences of Pb replacement reported in the literature, as shown in Figure 1. In general, there are two categories for Pb replacement: using either homovalent elements such as Sn and Ge or heterovalent elements such as Bi and Sb. The heterovalent replacement category can be divided into two subcategories based on the ways to maintain the charge neutrality: ion-splitting and ordered vacancy. The ion-splitting subcategory can be further divided into mixed anion compounds with the formula of AB(Ch,X) 3 , where Ch represents a chalcogen element, and X represents a halogen element, and mixed cation compounds with a formula of A 2 B(I)B(III)X 6 , which are commonly called double perovskites. The ordered vacancy subcategory can also be divided into the B(III) compounds with a formula of A 3 ◻B(III)X 9 and the B(IV) compounds with a formula of A 2 ◻ B(IV)X 6 (the sign of ◻ indicates vacancy). Figure 1 also summarizes the photovoltaic properties and the stabilities of each group of materials, which provides a clear overview of the consequences of Pb replacement. While the homovalent replacement by Sn or Ge leads to instability, the heterovalent Pb replacement leads to degraded electronic properties mainly due to the reduction on electronic dimensionality. As a result, all the reported Pb-free perovskite and perovskite derivative solar Despite the exciting progress on power conversion efficiencies, the commercialization of the emerging lead (Pb) halide perovskite solar cell technology still faces significant challenges, one of which is the inclusion of toxic Pb. Searching for Pb-free perovskite solar cell absorbers is currently an attractive research direction. The approaches used for and the consequences of Pb replacement are reviewed herein. Reviews on the theoretical understanding of the electronic, optical, and defect properties of Pb and Pb-free halide perovskites and perovskite derivatives are provided, as well as the experimental results available in the literature....

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Section: Wwwadvmatde Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wwwadvmatde Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 99%

From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives

2019

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“…By substituting 10% I − with Br − a PCE of 0.57% was achieved (Table 1) in an inverted cell with a fullerene ETL [144]. …”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

Stroyuk¹

2018

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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This review covers the state-of-the-art in organo–inorganic lead-free hybrid perovskites (HPs) and applications of these exciting materials as light harvesters in photovoltaic systems. Special emphasis is placed on the influence of the spatial organization of HP materials both on the micro- and nanometer scale on the performance and stability of perovskite-based solar light converters. This review also discusses HP materials produced by isovalent lead(II) substitution with Sn2+ and other metal(II) ions, perovskite materials formed on the basis of M3+ cations (Sb3+, Bi3+) as well as on combinations of M+/M3+ ions aliovalent to 2Pb2+ (Ag+/Bi3+, Ag+/Sb3+, etc.). The survey is concluded with an outlook highlighting the most promising strategies for future progress of photovoltaic systems based on lead-free perovskite compounds.

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“…Generally, the A site is occupied by a monovalent organic or inorganic cation (e.g., CH 3 NH 3 + (MA); HC(HN 2 ) 2 + (FA); Cs + ; Rb + ), the B is often a metal cation (e.g., Pb 2+ ; Sn 2+ ), and the X is typically a halide anion (e.g., Cl‐; Br – ; I – ; SCN – ). Compositional engineering of the hybrid metal halide perovskite or inorganic perovskite materials with mixed cations and halides is an effective strategy to achieve further improvements in PCE and long‐term stability of the devices …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

δ‐CsPbI₃ Intermediate Phase Growth Assisted Sequential Deposition Boosts Stable and High‐Efficiency Triple Cation Perovskite Solar Cells

Wang

Jin

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Cs/FA/MA triple cation perovskite films have been well developed in the antisolvent dripping method, attributable to its outstanding photovoltaic and stability performances. However, a facile and effective strategy is still lacking for fabricating high‐quality large‐grain triple cation perovskite films via sequential deposition method a, which is one of the key technologies for high efficiency perovskite solar cells. To address this issue, a δ‐CsPbI3 intermediate phase growth (CsPbI3‐IPG) assisted sequential deposition method is demonstrated for the first time. The approach not only achieves incorporation of controllable cesium into (FAPbI3)1–x(MAPbBr3)x perovskite, but also enlarges the perovskite grains, manipulates the crystallization, modulates the bandgap, and improves the stability of final perovskite films. The photovoltaic performances of the devices based on these Cs/FA/MA perovskite films with various amounts of the δ‐CsPbI3 intermediate phase are investigated systematically. Benefiting from moderate cesium incorporation and intermediate phase‐assisted grain growth, the optimized Cs/FA/MA perovskite solar cells exhibit a significantly improved power conversion efficiency and operational stability of unencapsulated devices. This facile strategy provides new insights into the compositional engineering of triple or quadruple cation perovskite materials with enlarged grains and superior stability via a sequential deposition method.

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Enhanced Performance of Germanium Halide Perovskite Solar Cells through Compositional Engineering

Cited by 238 publications

References 17 publications

From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives

From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

δ‐CsPbI₃ Intermediate Phase Growth Assisted Sequential Deposition Boosts Stable and High‐Efficiency Triple Cation Perovskite Solar Cells

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Enhanced Performance of Germanium Halide Perovskite Solar Cells through Compositional Engineering

Cited by 238 publications

References 17 publications

From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives

From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

δ‐CsPbI3 Intermediate Phase Growth Assisted Sequential Deposition Boosts Stable and High‐Efficiency Triple Cation Perovskite Solar Cells

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Product

Resources

About

δ‐CsPbI₃ Intermediate Phase Growth Assisted Sequential Deposition Boosts Stable and High‐Efficiency Triple Cation Perovskite Solar Cells