Enhanced Performance and Stability of TiO₂‐Nanoparticles‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells Employing a Cheap Polymeric Surface Modifier

Abstract

Interface engineering of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs)‐based perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) is often necessary to facilitate the extraction and transport of charge carriers. In this work, poly[{9,9‐bis[3′‐(N,N‐dimethyl)propyl]‐2,7‐fluorene}‐alt‐2,7‐(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)] (PFN) and polystyrene (PS) are demonstrated to be effective surface modifiers of the TiO2 NPs electron‐transporting layer in n‐i‐p PVSCs. The low‐cost insulating polymer PS performs better than the PFN conjugated polymer owing to its high film quality, low surface energy and insulating characteristics. A peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.09 % with an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.05 V and a PCE of 17.13 % with an ultrahigh VOC of 1.18 V is achieved with TiO2 NPs/PS‐based PVSCs using poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene] (MEH‐PPV) and spiro‐OMeTAD, respectively, as the hole‐transporting material.

Donor–Acceptor Type Polymer Bearing Carbazole Side Chain for Efficient Dopant‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

“…There is no doubt that 50 nm polymeric HTLs endow much effective protection for perovskite than 150 nm doped spiro‐OMeTAD HTL. [ 67,68 ]…”

Multifunctional π‐Conjugated Additives for Halide Perovskite

“…18.0 21.62 1.11 2019 [28] PFPT3 Upper interface FAPbI 3 22.0 24.34 1.13 2021 [29] PFN-OX Bottom interface MAPbI 3 15.5 20.2 1.02 2015 [30] PFN-2TNDI Upper interface MAPbI 3− x Cl x 16.7 21.9 0.98 2016 [31] PFN Bottom interface MAPbI 3 19.1 21.23 1.11 2017 [32] PPDI-F3N Bottom interface MAPbI 3 18.3 22.8 1.09 2017 [33] F-N2200 Antisolvent MAPbI 3 18.4 22.7 1.06 2018 [34] PF-1 Antisolvent MAPbI 3 18.7 22.8 1.08 2018 [34] DPP-DTT Antisolvent CsPbI 2 Br 15.1 15.02 1.29 2019 [35] PBTI Antisolvent CsFAMA-3 c) 20.7 22.91 1.13 2019 [36] PD-10-DTTE-7 Upper interface MAPbI 3 18.8 23.30 1.03 2019 [37] PS Bottom interface CsFAMA-2 17.1 23.55 1.18 2019 [38] MPS6-TMA Bottom interface CsFAMA-4 d)…”

Benzotriazole based polymers with different side chains employed as dopant-free hole-transporting materials for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells

“…The optimal thickness of HTLs is about 50 nm, while that of doped spiro-OMeTAD is always higher than 150 nm. 51 The J – V curves of the devices with different HTMs tested under forward and reverse scanning directions are shown in Fig. 4b, and the photovoltaic parameters are summarized in Table 2.…”