Enhanced optical Kerr nonlinearity of MoS_2 on silicon waveguides

Liu, Linghai; Xu, Ke; Wan, Xi; Xu, Jianbin; Wong, Chi Yan; Tsang, Hon Ki

doi:10.1364/prj.3.000206

Cited by 95 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For example, the nonlinear refractive index ( n 2 ) of graphene, reported by a number of research groups, is 10 –11 –10 –15 m 2 W –1 at the telecommunication band ( Figure ), which is orders of magnitude larger that of typical bulk materials (e.g., 10 –19 m 2 W –1 for silicon nitride and 10 –18 m 2 W –1 for silicon). The third‐order nonlinearity of TMDs (e.g., MoS 2 , WS 2 , and MoSe 2 ) and black phosphorus has also been studied, showing even higher imaginary third‐order susceptibility at their resonance wavelength (e.g., –1.6 × 10 –7 at 515 nm wavelength) than that of graphene (–2.2 × 10 –8 at 515 nm wavelength) . Also, optically induced, topologically‐protected chiral edge modes and disorder‐insensitive conduction channel were predicted in TMDs …”

Section: Optical Modulation With 2d Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2D Materials for Optical Modulation: Challenges and Opportunities

et al. 2017

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Owing to their atomic layer thickness, strong light-material interaction, high nonlinearity, broadband optical response, fast relaxation, controllable optoelectronic properties, and high compatibility with other photonic structures, 2D materials, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorus, have been attracting increasing attention for photonic applications. By tuning the carrier density via electrical or optical means that modifies their physical properties (e.g., Fermi level or nonlinear absorption), optical response of the 2D materials can be instantly changed, making them versatile nanostructures for optical modulation. Here, up-to-date 2D material-based optical modulation in three categories is reviewed: free-space, fiber-based, and on-chip configurations. By analysing cons and pros of different modulation approaches from material and mechanism aspects, the challenges faced by using these materials for device applications are presented. In addition, thermal effects (e.g., laser induced damage) in 2D materials, which are critical to practical applications, are also discussed. Finally, the outlook for future opportunities of these 2D materials for optical modulation is given.

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Section: Optical Modulation With 2d Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a concept for future chip‐integrated graphene‐based optical systems, some multifunctional devices, such as graphene‐silicon waveguides‐based electro‐optic logic gates, have been reported . In addition, the materials have been extended from graphene to TMDs …”

Section: State Of the Art Of 2d Materials Optical Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Materials for Optical Modulation: Challenges and Opportunities

et al. 2017

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“…Third‐order optical nonlinearity plays a key role in nonlinear photonic devices . In this section, we will briefly discuss two important nonlinear properties of layered materials, namely Kerr effect and nonlinear absorption, and review their recent research history.…”

Section: Fundamental Of 2d Layered Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Layered Materials: Synthesis, Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Device Applications

Guo

Xiao

Wang

et al. 2019

Laser & Photonics Reviews

404

197

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In recent years, 2D layered materials, including graphene, topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, graphitic carbon nitride, and metal‐organic frameworks, have attracted considerable interest due to their potential applications in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, and energy. Their rise in the field of nonlinear photonics began around 2009 and has become an important research direction. Here, the synthesis techniques, nonlinear optical properties, integration strategies, and device applications of layered materials are reviewed. In terms of nonlinear optical properties, the focus is on saturable absorption and Kerr nonlinearity. On this basis, their applications in various pulsed lasers, including fiber lasers, solid‐state lasers, waveguide lasers, and related nonlinear optical phenomenon, are summarized. In addition, novel optical devices using layered materials, such as optical modulators, optical polarizers, optical switchers, and even all‐optical device, are also involved. It is believed that the development of 2D layered materials in the field of photonics will continue to deepen, thus laying a good foundation for its practical application.

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“…Four steps for the in-situ assembly of monolayer GO films were repeated to construct multilayer films on the SOI nanowire. Our GO coating approach, unlike the sophisticated transfer processes employed for coating other 2D materials such as graphene and TMDCs [33,34], enables transfer-free GO film coating on integrated photonic devices, with highly scalable fabrication processes and precise control of the number of GO layers (i.e., GO film thickness).…”

Section: Device Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The giant Kerr nonlinearity of 2D layered materials such as graphene, graphene oxide (GO), black phosphorus, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) has been widely recognized and has enabled diverse nonlinear photonic devices with high performance and new functionalities [28][29][30][31][32]. In particular, enhanced spectral broadening of optical pulses has been reported for SOI nanowires with transferred MoS2 and graphene [33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming silicon into a high performing in tegrated nonlinear photonics platform by integrati on with 2D graphene oxide films

Moss¹,

Jiao²,

Wu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Layered two-dimensional (2D) GO films are integrated with silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowire waveguides to experimentally demonstrate an enhanced Kerr nonlinearity, observed through self-phase modulation (SPM). The GO films are integrated with SOI nanowires using a large-area, transfer-free, layer-by-layer coating method that yields precise control of the film thickness. The film placement and coating length are controlled by opening windows in the silica cladding of the SOI nanowires. Owing to the strong mode overlap between the SOI nanowires and the highly nonlinear GO films, the Kerr nonlinearity of the hybrid waveguides is significantly enhanced. Detailed SPM measurements using picosecond optical pulses show significant spectral broadening enhancement for SOI nanowires coated with 2.2-mm-long films of 1−3 layers of GO, and 0.4-mm-long films with 5−20 layers of GO. By fitting the experimental results with theory, the dependence of GO’s <i>n</i><sub>2</sub> on layer number and pulse energy is obtained, showing interesting physical insights and trends of the layered GO films from 2D monolayers to quasi bulk-like behavior. Finally, we show that by coating SOI nanowires with GO films the effective nonlinear parameter of SOI nanowires is increased 16 fold, with the effective nonlinear figure of merit (FOM) increasing by about 20 times to FOM > 5. These results reveal the strong potential of using layered GO films to improve the Kerr nonlinear optical performance of silicon photonic devices.

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Enhanced optical Kerr nonlinearity of MoS_2 on silicon waveguides

Cited by 95 publications

References 19 publications

2D Materials for Optical Modulation: Challenges and Opportunities

2D Materials for Optical Modulation: Challenges and Opportunities

2D Layered Materials: Synthesis, Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Device Applications

Transforming silicon into a high performing in tegrated nonlinear photonics platform by integrati on with 2D graphene oxide films

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