TiO2 nanoparticles
were synthesized by green chemistry
where organic solvents are replaced by an aqueous extract solution
of lemongrass leaves that act as a reducer and growth-stopper agent.
The nanoparticles were codoped with N–Fe to modify the absorption
range in the electromagnetic spectrum and were characterized by Fourier-transform
infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray
spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and UV–vis/diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
(DRS). The modified samples with Fe and N resulted in smaller nanoparticle
size values than pure TiO2. Similarly, the band-gap energy
for doped nanoparticles decreased to 2.22 eV in relation to the value
of 3.09 eV for pure TiO2, due to the introduction of new
energy levels.