Enhanced Olfactory Cortex Connectivity in a Patient With PTSD With Olfactory Hallucinations

Ridgewell, Caitlin; Bray, Allison; Curtis, Kaylah; Velasquez, Kenia M.; Baldwin, Philip R.; Fowler, J. Christopher; Mathew, Sanjay J.; Salas, Ramiro

doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.14070156

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Psychiatric inpatients ( N = 423) were recruited from the Menninger Clinic in Houston, Texas as a part of the McNair Initiative for Neuroscience Discovery—Menninger/Baylor (MIND‐MB) research study . Inpatients were eligible if mentally stable enough to participate, had no contraindications for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and gave signed, informed consent (procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classifying suicidal behavior with resting‐state functional connectivity and structural neuroimaging

Gosnell

Fowler

Salas

2019

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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R. Classifying suicidal behavior with resting-state functional connectivity and structural neuroimaging Objective: About 80% of patients who commit suicide do not report suicidal ideation the last time they speak to their mental health provider, highlighting the need to identify biomarkers of suicidal behavior. Our goal is to identify suicidal behavior neural biomarkers to classify suicidal psychiatric inpatients. Methods: Eighty percent of our sample [suicidal (n = 63) and nonsuicidal psychiatric inpatients (n = 65)] was used to determine significant differences in structural and resting-state functional connectivity measures throughout the brain. These measures were used in a random forest classification model on 80% of the sample for training the model. Results: The model built on 80% of the patients had sensitivity = 79.4% and specificity = 72.3%. This model was tested on an independent sample (20%; n = 32) with sensitivity = 81.3% and specificity = 75.0% for confirming the generalizability of the model. Altered resting-state functional connectivity features from frontal and middle temporal regions, as well as the amygdala, parahippocampus, putamen, and vermis were found to generalize best. Conclusion: This work demonstrates neuroimaging (an unbiased biomarker) can be used to classify suicidal behavior in psychiatric inpatients without observing any clinical features. Summations• Neural biomarkers can be used to reliably classify suicidal behavior/ideation. • Resting-state functional connectivity of frontal and middle temporal regions, as well as the amygdala, parahippocampus, putamen, and vermis are altered in suicidal psychiatric patients compared to nonsuicidal patients.• The identification of neural biomarkers for classifying suicide may benefit assessment of suicidal risk in the future. Limitations• Neural biomarkers can only be said to be correlative with suicidal behavior, not causative. • While this work successfully classifies patients as suicidal or not, classification is not necessarily prediction.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classifying suicidal behavior with resting‐state functional connectivity and structural neuroimaging

Gosnell

Fowler

Salas

2019

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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“…Psychiatric patients (PPs; N = 518) were recruited from the Menninger Clinic in Houston, TX, as a part of the McNair Initiative for Neuroscience Discovery—Menninger/Baylor (MIND-MB) research study. 45–48 All PPs were eligible if they were mentally stable enough to participate, with no contraindications for MRI. All participants gave signed, informed consent (procedures were approved by the institutional review board).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal Volume in Psychiatric Diagnoses: Should Psychiatry Biomarker Research Account for Comorbidities?

et al. 2020

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Background: Many research papers claim that patients with specific psychiatric disorders (major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, alcohol use disorder, and others) have smaller hippocampi, but most of those reports compared patients to healthy controls. We hypothesized that if psychiatrically matched controls (psychiatric control, matched for demographics and psychiatric comorbidities) were used, much of the biomarker literature in psychiatric research would not replicate. We used hippocampus and amygdala volume only as examples, as these are very commonly replicated results in psychiatry biomarker research. We propose that psychiatry biomarker research could benefit from using psychiatric controls, as the use of healthy controls results in data that are not disorder-specific. Method: Hippocampus/amygdala volumes were compared between major depressive disorder, sex-/age-/race-matched healthy control, and psychiatric control (N ¼ 126/group). Similar comparisons were performed for posttraumatic stress disorder (N ¼ 67), borderline personality disorder (N ¼ 111), and alcohol use disorder (N ¼ 136). Results: Major depressive disorder patients had smaller left (p ¼ 8.79 Â 10 À3 ) and right (p ¼ 3.13 Â 10 À3 ) hippocampal volumes than healthy control. Posttraumatic stress disorder had smaller left (p ¼ 0.018) and right (p ¼ 8.64 Â 10 À4 ) hippocampi than healthy control. Borderline personality disorder had smaller right hippocampus (p ¼ 7.90 Â 10 À3 ) and amygdala (p ¼ 1.49 Â 10 À3 ) than healthy control. Alcohol use disorder had smaller right hippocampus (p ¼ 0.034) and amygdala (p ¼ .024) than healthy control. No differences were found between any of the four diagnostic groups and psychiatric control. Conclusion: When psychiatric controls were used, there was no difference in hippocampal or amygdalar volume between any of the diagnoses studied and controls. This strategy (keeping all possible relevant variables matched between experimental groups) has been used to advance science for hundreds of years, and we propose should also be used in biomarker psychiatry research.

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Habenular connectivity may predict treatment response in depressed psychiatric inpatients

Gosnell

Curtis

Velasquez

et al. 2019

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Enhanced Olfactory Cortex Connectivity in a Patient With PTSD With Olfactory Hallucinations

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Classifying suicidal behavior with resting‐state functional connectivity and structural neuroimaging

Classifying suicidal behavior with resting‐state functional connectivity and structural neuroimaging

Hippocampal Volume in Psychiatric Diagnoses: Should Psychiatry Biomarker Research Account for Comorbidities?

Habenular connectivity may predict treatment response in depressed psychiatric inpatients

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