Enhanced muscle regeneration in freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii achieved through in vivo silencing of the myostatin gene

Abstract

Myostatin (MSTN) is an interesting negative growth‐regulating gene that has been well characterized in vertebrates but scantly described in invertebrates. The current study focuses on the downregulation of the MrMSTN gene and subsequently records any histological changes for giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Mr). In addition, the study also deals with the MrMSTN gene's influence on other growth‐related genes, which include myosin heavy chain, dystrophin‐dystroglycoprotein complex, tropomyosin, farnesoic acid o‐methyl transferase, arginine kinase, cyclophilin, and acyl CoA desaturase. The preliminary histological analysis following MrMSTN silencing favors muscle regeneration, which supports its functional role as a negative growth regulator and its significant effect on the expression of other growth‐related genes. Overall, our results show that the MrMSTN gene could therefore be a potential target for gene manipulation aimed at enhancing the growth and muscle development of M. rosenbergii, which could be beneficial in increasing the total mass production in the postlarva phase at the hatchery level.

DrosophilaActivin signaling promotes muscle growth through InR/dTORC1 dependent and independent processes

“…Despite both species being members of the Malacostraca class of Crustacea, these studies reached opposite conclusions. Mstn had an apparent positive role in body growth in Penaeus (De Santis, et al, 2011), similar to what we see in Drosophila, while in Macrobrachium it had a negative effect on muscle size similar to what is observed in mammals (Easwvaran, et al, 2019). Clearly, many additional phyla, classes and species of animals need to be examined to more fully understand how and why these contrasting roles in muscle size control have evolved.…”

“…In fact, Mstn's role in muscle growth has only been studied in a few other non-mammalian vertebrates including chickens, turkeys and zebrafish where the results mirror the mammalian case (Bhattacharya, et al, 2019;Gao, et al, 2016;McFarland, et al, 2006). As for invertebrates, there are two published reports, one using the giant prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Easwvaran, et al, 2019) and the other the penaeid shrimp Penaeus monodon (De Santis, et al, 2011). Despite both species being members of the Malacostraca class of Crustacea, these studies reached opposite conclusions.…”

“…The Mstn/ Activin branch of the TGF- family is very ancient and is present in some pre-Bilateria groups including several cnidarian species (Watanabe et al, 2014), but functional studies of its role in muscle size control in these animals are lacking. Interestingly, there are two reports that examine Mstn function in crustaceans, one using the giant prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Easwvaran et al, 2019) and the other the penaeid shrimp Penaeus monodon (De Santis et al, 2011). Despite both species being members of the Malacostraca class of Crustacea, these studies reached opposite conclusions suggesting that Mstn activity had an apparent positive role in body growth in Penaeus (De Santis et al, 2011), while in Macrobrachium it had a negative effect on muscle size (Easwvaran et al, 2019).…”

“…Interestingly, there are two reports that examine Mstn function in crustaceans, one using the giant prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Easwvaran et al, 2019) and the other the penaeid shrimp Penaeus monodon (De Santis et al, 2011). Despite both species being members of the Malacostraca class of Crustacea, these studies reached opposite conclusions suggesting that Mstn activity had an apparent positive role in body growth in Penaeus (De Santis et al, 2011), while in Macrobrachium it had a negative effect on muscle size (Easwvaran et al, 2019). Clearly, many additional phyla, classes and species of animals need to be examined to more fully understand how and why these contrasting roles in muscle size control have evolved.…”

Modulatory effects of various carbon sources on growth indices, digestive enzymes activity and expression of growth‐related genes in Whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei reared under an outdoor zero‐exchange system

“…Both myo and para myo genes expression were considerably up‐regulated at all carbon source groups in both organs and study periods across the two periods of our inquiry. Macrobrachium rosenbergii 's tropomyosin and myo heavy chain are both influenced by the myostatin gene (Easwvaran et al, 2019). The myo and para myo genes in L. vannamei are among the most commonly up‐regulated only in shrimp with superior growth performance (Santos et al, 2021).…”