Enhanced muscle nutrient content and flesh quality, resulting from tryptophan, is associated with anti-oxidative damage referred to the Nrf2 and TOR signalling factors in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Avoid tryptophan deficiency or excess

Jiang, Wei‐Dan; Wen, Hai-Lang; Liu, Yang; Jiang, Jun; Wu, Pei; Zhao, Juan; Kuang, Sheng‐Yao; Tang, Ling; Tang, Wu‐Neng; Zhang, Yong-An; Zhou, Xiao‐Qiu; Feng, Lin

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.003

Cited by 116 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…According to the methods from our laboratory study, the protein homogenates were prepared from intestine samples, and then the antibodies and Westernblotting were processed (Jiang et al, ). The protein concentrations were determined by a BCA assay kit (Beyotime Biotechnology Inc., China).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary taurine supplementation to a plant protein source‐based diet improved the growth and intestinal immune function of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

et al. 2019

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The effects of taurine supplementation on the growth and intestinal immune function in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were investigated in this study. A total of 540 fish (initial average weights of 255.74 ± 0.65 g) were fed one fishmeal diet and five all‐plant protein source‐based diets with graded levels of taurine (0 to 1.98g/kg diet) for 60 days, and then challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. First, the results showed that the taurine supplementation improved growth (PWG, TGC, FI and FE), enteritis resistance, intestinal antimicrobial compounds (LZ, ACP, C3, C4, IgM, hepcidin, LEAP‐2A, LEAP‐2B, β‐defensin‐1 and MUC2) and attenuated intestinal inflammation in young grass carp under the all‐plant protein source‐based diet. Second, the taurine supplementation attenuated intestinal inflammation partially referring to nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) and target of rapamycin (TOR) signallings. Finally, under the all‐plant protein source‐based diet, the comparable level of taurine supplementation based on growth and ability against enteritis relative to fishmeal diet was established as 0.50 g/kg diet, and the optimal levels of taurine supplementation based on thermal‐unit growth coefficient (TGC), ability against enteritis and acid phosphatase (ACP) activity were established as 0.97, 1.08 and 1.21 g/kg diet, respectively.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary taurine supplementation to a plant protein source‐based diet improved the growth and intestinal immune function of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

et al. 2019

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“…The processes for hepatopancreatic and intestinal protein extraction and western blotting were the same as those described by Hu et al [45] and Jiang et al [46]. Briefly, after extraction, the protein concentrations were determined with the Bio-Rad protein assay kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Membranes were blocked for 1 h at room temperature (RT) before being washed thrice with TBST (10 min each), and incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4°C. Anti-Nrf2 and β-actin antibodies were the same as those in previous studies from our laboratory [45,46]; these had been checked and also successfully cross-reacted with Jian carp proteins of interest. β-actin was used as control protein.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on Antioxidant System in Fish Hepatopancreas and Intestine Affected by Choline Deficiency: Different Change Patterns of Varied Antioxidant Enzyme Genes and Nrf2 Signaling Factors

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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The liver and intestine are susceptible to the oxidative damage which could result in several diseases. Choline deficiency induced oxidative damage in rat liver cells. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms responsible for choline deficiency-induced oxidative damage. Juvenile Jian carp were fed diets differing in choline content [165 (deficient group), 310, 607, 896, 1167 and 1820 mg/kg diet] respectively for 65 days. Oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activities and related gene expressions in the hepatopancreas and intestine were measured. Choline deficiency decreased choline and phosphatidylcholine contents, and induced oxidative damage in both organs, as evidenced by increased levels of oxidative-stress markers (malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine), coupled with decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes [Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)]. However, choline deficiency increased glutathione contents in the hepatopancreas and intestine. Furthermore, dietary choline deficiency downregulated mRNA levels of MnSOD, GPx1b, GST-rho, mGST3 and Kelch-like ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1b) in the hepatopancreas, MnSOD, GPx1b, GPx4a, GPx4b, GST-rho, GST-theta, GST-mu, GST-alpha, GST-pi and GST-kappa in the intestine, as well as intestinal Nrf2 protein levels. In contrast, choline deficiency upregulated the mRNA levels of GPx4a, GPx4b, mGST1, mGST2, GST-theta, GST-mu, Keap1a and PKC in the hepatopancreas, mGST3, nuclear factor erythoid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Keap1a in the intestine, as well as hepatopancreatic Nrf2 protein levels. This study provides new evidence that choline deficiency-induced oxidative damage is associated with changes in the transcription of antioxidant enzyme and Nrf2/Keap1 signaling molecules in the hepatopancreas and intestine. Additionally, this study firstly indicated that choline deficiency induced varied change patterns of different GPx and GST isoforms. Meanwhile, the changes of some GPx and GST isoforms caused by choline deficiency in the intestine were contrary to those in the hepatopancreas.

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“…On the other hand, whereas in the muscle of C. idella , responses for MDA levels, protein carbonyl content, GPx activity and expression and GSH levels were similar to those previously observed in gills, no changes in either SOD activity or gene expression were observed (Jiang et al . 2016b). Even more, CAT activity and gene expression decreased at optimal dietary tryptophan levels, fact that was justified by the complementary action of GPx.…”

Section: Antioxidant Capability Of Tryptophanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fish species, Jiang et al . (, 2016b) observed that excessive tryptophan inclusion in diets leads to oxidative stress in gills and muscle of C. idella . So, when compared to the optimum levels of tryptophan (0.31–0.4%), excessive supplementation of this amino acid (0.61%) generate increased ROS content, MDA and protein carbonyl levels and low GSH content and SOD, CAT, GPx, GST and GR activities and gene expression levels.…”

Section: Antioxidant Capability Of Tryptophanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological roles of tryptophan in teleosts: current knowledge and perspectives for future studies

Hoseini

Pérez‐Jiménez

Costas

et al. 2017

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Tryptophan is an essential amino acid with a huge functional versatility, in addition to its participation in protein synthesis. Because of the complexity of its metabolism, and the functional relevance of several of its metabolites, it directly or indirectly participates in a wide array of physiological pathways. This amino acid is a precursor for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter/neuromodulator serotonin (5HT), the hormone melatonin and kynurenine and related compounds such as kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid or niacin. Because of this, it has a key role in the regulation of processes ranging from the neuroendocrine to the immune system in vertebrates. In aquaculture, extensive research has been performed to optimize the levels of tryptophan in the commercial diets for many fish species. Providing adequate levels of this amino acid is critically important for fish growth but also for fish welfare, as tryptophan has been shown to modulate fish behaviour, stress responses, and antioxidant and immune systems. Currently, available data suggest a wide variation in tryptophan requirements of different species ranging 0.3–1.3% of dietary protein level, but recent evidence also shows that fish tryptophan requirements can greatly vary depending on the rearing conditions of the fish. We also review here the participation of tryptophan and related metabolites in different physiological functions that are crucial for fish welfare. The review covers the involvement of tryptophan in 5HT‐ and melatonin‐mediated functions, along with its participation in the regulation of the immune system and its role as an antioxidant and antitoxic agent in fish.

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Enhanced muscle nutrient content and flesh quality, resulting from tryptophan, is associated with anti-oxidative damage referred to the Nrf2 and TOR signalling factors in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Avoid tryptophan deficiency or excess

Cited by 116 publications

References 39 publications

Dietary taurine supplementation to a plant protein source‐based diet improved the growth and intestinal immune function of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Dietary taurine supplementation to a plant protein source‐based diet improved the growth and intestinal immune function of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

A Comparative Study on Antioxidant System in Fish Hepatopancreas and Intestine Affected by Choline Deficiency: Different Change Patterns of Varied Antioxidant Enzyme Genes and Nrf2 Signaling Factors

Physiological roles of tryptophan in teleosts: current knowledge and perspectives for future studies

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