Enhanced modification of tungsten surface by nanostructure formation during high flux deuterium plasma exposure

Xu, HY; Luo, Guang–Nan; Schüt, H.; Yuan, Yue; Fu, Baoqin; Godfrey, A.; Liu, W.; Temmerman, G. De

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.12.010

Cited by 33 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Since the ion energy of 40 eV is well below the threshold energy for sputtering, the increased roughness probably originates from displacement damage due to the retention of deuterium in the sub-surface area. This effect was observed before for higher fluences [7]. Consequently, for the exposure with 5% helium ion content (Fig.…”

Section: Surface Morphologysupporting

confidence: 74%

Influence of plasma impurities on the deuterium retention in tungsten exposed in the linear plasma generator PSI-2

Reinhart

Kreter

Buzi

et al. 2015

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Section: Surface Morphologysupporting

confidence: 74%

Influence of plasma impurities on the deuterium retention in tungsten exposed in the linear plasma generator PSI-2

Reinhart

Kreter

Buzi

et al. 2015

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…Under this circumstance the formation, growth and rupture of blisters as well as the defects associated with blisters evolve in parallel to the deuterium retention. This is often the case for deuterium retention studies performed in linear plasma devices, where surface modifications, such as cracks, nanostructures and blisters are frequently observed after sample exposure [14,36]. It needs to be evaluated to which extent the here observed effect of open blisters on deuterium uptake affects retention studies carried out in linear plasma devices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of near-surface blisters on deuterium transport in tungsten

et al. 2017

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The effect of near-surface blisters on deuterium transport in tungsten is studied by means of nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Gentle deuterium plasma loading of different durations and subsequent NRA depth profiling is performed in heavily pre-blistered and unblistered areas on self-damaged tungsten samples.Comparison of the deuterium depth profiles reveals a considerable reduction of the deuterium transport into the bulk due to the presence of near-surface blisters. SEM and NRA results identify the enhanced re-emission of deuterium from the sample due to open blisters as the underlying mechanism which reduces the deuterium flux into the bulk. Based on a simple analytical hydrogen retention model, the re-emitted deuterium flux by open blisters in the here conducted experiment, is determined to be 80 % of the implanted deuterium flux. In addition, the deuterium flux into the bulk is reduced by 60 % compared to the unblistered case. As a consequence, deuterium retention studies carried out under blister-facilitating conditions should account for surface morphology which reduce the deuterium uptake.

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“…The comparison of morphological modifications for different fluxes indicates the presence of more hydrogen loading-induced damaging processes at higher fluxes, e.g., the appearance of volcano-like extrusions with cracking and distortions inside single grains [11][12][13][14][15]25] as well as the nanostructures on the surface [3,40,41]. Other hydrogen loading-induced features, namely the stepped flattopped extrusions, can already be created at moderate flux, and their appearance exhibits a strong dependence on the W grade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The correlation of these structures with grain orientation is obvious. Xu et al [40,41] reported about similar structures on tungsten exposed to D plasma with very high deuteron flux. They determined the correlation between appearance and specific grain orientation.…”

Section: Spherical Blistersmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Furthermore, due to the very high flux at Pilot-PSI smaller tiny extrusions with cracks and distortions below (lateral size of ~250 nm) occur [25,39] as well as surface structuring on the nanometre scale (tens of nm) [3,40,41]. These surface modifications, especially the extrusions, point to further damaging at higher deuteron fluxes.…”

Section: Spherical Blistersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deuterium retention and morphological modifications of the surface in five grades of tungsten after deuterium plasma exposure

Balden

Manhard

Elgeti

2014

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Five tungsten (W) grades were simultaneously exposed to deuterium (D) plasma with ) is attributed only to the different properties of each W grade. Spherical blisters and stepped flat-topped extrusions are observed depending on the W grade. These modifications are interpreted as an indication for hydrogen loading-induced damaging. The exposure conditions and W grades were chosen to allow a comparison between published data sets.

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Enhanced modification of tungsten surface by nanostructure formation during high flux deuterium plasma exposure

Cited by 33 publications

References 28 publications

Influence of plasma impurities on the deuterium retention in tungsten exposed in the linear plasma generator PSI-2

Influence of plasma impurities on the deuterium retention in tungsten exposed in the linear plasma generator PSI-2

Influence of near-surface blisters on deuterium transport in tungsten

Deuterium retention and morphological modifications of the surface in five grades of tungsten after deuterium plasma exposure

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