Enhanced Modal Tracking for Characteristic Modes

Akrou, Lamyae; Silva, Henrique

doi:10.1109/tap.2018.2876715

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The CM that has a resonance must be at λ n = 0 and MS n = 1 and the CM that doesn't contribute to the radiated field is at MS n = 0. The multilayer solver and integral equation solver from CST Microwave Studio are chosen to implement the CMT with very high quality [37]- [39]. These solvers are used to calculate the characteristic modes and those related parameters.…”

Section: Metasurface Design and Analyze A Characteristic Mode Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Metasurface-Based Dual Polarized MIMO Antenna for 5G Smartphones Using CMA

et al. 2020

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This paper exhibits a low profile dual-polarized MIMO antenna with high isolation to meet the requirements of 5G smartphones. The integration between a vertically polarized slot and a horizontally polarized slot is investigated and applied for 28 GHz dual-polarized smartphone antenna. The antenna is combined with metasurface (MTS) to achieve high gain and more directivity. In order to design the metasurface, the characteristic mode analysis is used to investigate the performance of MTS at 28 GHz. The proposed antenna achieves high isolation coefficients better than 40 dB and cross polarization lower than-40 dB from simulated and measured results. The isolation between elements is achieved without any additional decoupling techniques. The proposed MTS slot antenna operates with 4 GHz bandwidth (26-30 GHz) with a realized gain of 11 dBi and efficiency of 90%. Four antennas (with eight ports) are positioned orthogonally at the corners of the mobile PCB to serve MIMO for 5G applications. The effect of MIMO antenna on the human is taken into consideration in power density term. Furthermore, the housing and components of smartphones are taken into our consideration in this paper. INDEX TERMS Dual polarized, MIMO, 5G, metasurface, characteristic mode analysis, and mobile handset antenna.

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Section: Metasurface Design and Analyze A Characteristic Mode Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Metasurface-Based Dual Polarized MIMO Antenna for 5G Smartphones Using CMA

et al. 2020

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“…The authors of [1] have become aware that an error has been introduced when computing the RWG edge elements in the mesh file of the fractal antenna example and two overlapping triangular elements have been detected, which resulted in a wrong representation of the characteristic modes' curves. While the proposed tracking method is still valid, the corrections presented here only concern the numerical example presented in [1, Section III.B].…”

Section: Lamyae Akroumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the total number of RWG edge elements should be 853 instead of 422 and Fig. 6 from [1] should be replaced with Fig. 1 from this article.…”

Section: Lamyae Akroumentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrections to “Enhanced Modal Tracking for Characteristic Modes”

Akrou

2020

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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“…12,15 However, this technique may result in multiple eigenvalues being mapped to the same characteristic current, especially when there are multiple degenerate modes. 16 To solve this problem, the modes can be tracked by far-field correlation, but the computational complexity is increased. 17 Therefore, correlation-based algorithms are still the most commonly used technique for mode tracking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A common method to sort the characteristic modes is based on the Pearson correlation of the mode eigenvectors 12,15 . However, this technique may result in multiple eigenvalues being mapped to the same characteristic current, especially when there are multiple degenerate modes 16 . To solve this problem, the modes can be tracked by far‐field correlation, but the computational complexity is increased 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preprocessing for characteristic mode tracking based on the correlation

Liu

Yang

et al. 2020

Int J Numerical Modelling

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Mode swapping in characteristic mode analysis (CMA) affects consistent interpretation of the modal data. Mode tracking based on the eigenvector correlation can effectively determine the correct ordering of modes at each sampling frequency. However, there has been a lack of corresponding preprocessing for this mode-tracking algorithm. For example, the applicable frequency band cannot be determined in advance. In this paper, cosine similarity is used to calculate the correlation between modes of adjacent frequencies. It is then proposed that the 3/2 proportional relationship between the maximum size of the structure and the minimum operating wavelength can be used to choose the reliable operating band range of the algorithm. Meanwhile, it is recommended that the meshing side length should be less than one-tenth of a wavelength, and the adjacent sampling frequency interval should be less than the relative bandwidth of 10%. Through this preprocessing, correlation-based algorithms can efficiently implement mode tracking for open conductors.

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Enhanced Modal Tracking for Characteristic Modes

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Metasurface-Based Dual Polarized MIMO Antenna for 5G Smartphones Using CMA

Metasurface-Based Dual Polarized MIMO Antenna for 5G Smartphones Using CMA

Corrections to “Enhanced Modal Tracking for Characteristic Modes”

Preprocessing for characteristic mode tracking based on the correlation

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