Enhanced microwave processing of epoxy nanocomposites using carbon black powders

Microwave processing of carbon fibre polymer composites: a review

“…5 The heating behavior of new complex tool geometries typically need to be tested to be fully understood; highlighting the need for process monitoring and simulation tools, which has been the focus of recent research. 3,34…”

“…5 The heating behavior of new complex tool geometries typically need to be tested to be fully understood; highlighting the need for process monitoring and simulation tools, which has been the focus of recent research. 3,34 Early research suggested only relatively thin unidirectional CFRP laminates could be cured using microwaves and this is a significant pitfall. 35,36 This was attributed to the high dielectric loss of the carbon fibres that cause the microwaves to be reflected and thus leaving the middle plies of a thick laminate uncured.…”

Quantitative evaluation of the non-thermal effect in microwave induced polymer curing

“…The microwave can transfer energy instantly and uniformly to the affected molecules and avoid the generation of the temperature gradient in the matrix, which leading to better mechanical performance compared with the conduction and convention methods. 6,[12][13][14][15][16][17] This effect becomes more obvious with larger thickness of the thermoset. 7,17 Thus, microwave is widely used in the mass industrial production of composite materials.…”

“…The thermal effect, which is related to the fast increase of temperature when polarized groups were irradiated by microwave, can be estimated by the temperature measurements easily, 8 and the non-thermal effect was classied as the direct interaction of the electric eld with specic reaction molecules and be evaluated from the changes in activation energy (entropy) in the Arrhenius equation. 13,19,21 The nonthermal effect must arise from interactions between the microwave eld and material, and the microwave heating interferes with possible non-thermal effects, which can't be easily separated in real experimental studies. 14,23 The non-thermal effect of microwave includes the targeted stimulation of reactive groups, the altering of the dipole moment, 1 the polarity, 9 and the matrix regularity 5 when the bulk reaction temperature is constant or totally under control.…”

Improvement mechanical and antibacterial properties of epoxy by polyethylene glycol and Ag/CuO nanoparticles

“…Engineering thermoplastics were including to polyetherimide , polyethersulfone , poly(ether ether ketone) with pendant alkyl groups , and reactively terminated polysulfones . Clays , Halloysite , Graphene , TiO 2 , silica , silicon carbide , Zirconium Phosphate , SrFe 12 O 19 , carbon black , montmorillonite , marble powder , kaolinite , carbon nanotube SnO 2 were used as fillers.…”