Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of graphene nanoplatelets‐reinforced polyamide11/poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites

Abstract

The present paper aims to obtain a sustainable nanocomposite by using bio‐based polyamide 11 and biodegradable poly (lactic acid) blend as matrix and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) as nanofiller. GNP was incorporated in the PA11/PLA blend matrix in the ratio of 0.5‐1‐3‐5‐10 wt% through the twin‐screw extruder. The crystallinity of PA11 in the blend, which was 12.9%, increased with the inclusion of GNP, and the highest crystallinity value was observed at 20% for the 1GNP sample. The crystallinity of PLA in the blend, which was 2.3%, increased to 4.6% with 5 wt% GNP addition. The inclusion of GNP to PA11/PLA improved the thermal degradation temperatures and increase the char residue. Also, increments were observed for storage modulus, loss modulus, and glass transition temperature of the matrix with the inclusion of GNP. The addition of GNP caused the tensile strength of the matrix to increase first and then decrease at higher amounts due to the agglomerations. 0.5–1 wt% GNP increased tensile strength by 10% and 5%, respectively. Increasing the amount of GNP to 10 wt% led to a sharp decrease in tensile strength by 24%. Overall, GNP is a suitable nanofiller to enhance the thermal and mechanical features of the PA11/PLA blend.

Effects of tire‐derived pyrolytic carbon black and pyrolytic heavy oil on the curing and mechanical properties of styrene‐butadiene rubber composites

“…Since the beginning of the rubber business, CB has been used at the compounding step to serve as a reinforcing filler. 21 Aggregate size, size distribution, surface morphology, and surface chemistry are only a few of the CB factors that were heavily engaged in the reinforcing process. 22,23 The evolution of these properties for CBp in comparison to commercially available CBs has been extensively studied by several researchers to explore the potential use of CBp as a substitute.…”

“…The solid fraction, also known as pyrolytic CB (CBp), is the most abundant substance in the waste tire pyrolysis process, and the process economy heavily depends on the commercial value of this fraction. Since the beginning of the rubber business, CB has been used at the compounding step to serve as a reinforcing filler 21 . Aggregate size, size distribution, surface morphology, and surface chemistry are only a few of the CB factors that were heavily engaged in the reinforcing process 22,23 .…”

Flexural property characterization and structure analysis of graphene‐reinforced polyphenylene sulfide prepared via low‐cost pellet‐based material extrusion additive manufacturing

“…[15][16][17] Most of these studies have focused on the dispersion conditions of graphene nanofillers within polymer matrices, aiming to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of the products. [18][19][20] Durmaz et al 21 investigated the improvement of tensile strength of polyamide 11 and biodegradable PLA by using graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) as a nanofiller, that is, 0.5-1 wt.% of GNP resulted in an increase in tensile strength of 10% and 5%, respectively. Qu et al 22 investigated the tensile and thermal properties of GNP/carboxylated graphene composites; similarly, the tensile properties and elongation at break of the blended samples were improved by 23.9% and 17.2%, respectively.…”

Efficient synthesis of phosphorus containing melamine salt for enhancing flame retardancy of poly(lactic acid)/polyamide 11 blends

“…However, one significant drawback is the low flame retardancy of PLA/PA11 blends, which falls short of meeting commercial requirements. Enhancing the flame retardancy of PLA/PA11 blends poses a considerable challenge 28–30 …”

“…Enhancing the flame retardancy of PLA/PA11 blends poses a considerable challenge. [28][29][30] In recent years, phosphorus-containing flame retardants and nitrogen-containing flame retardants have garnered recognition as highly effective agents for enhancing flame retardancy. [31][32][33][34] Phosphorus-containing flame retardants primarily operate in the condensed phase by catalyzing the formation of char, which serves as a protective barrier.…”