Enhanced lubrication effect of gallium-based liquid metal with laser textured surface

Li, Xing; Li, Yihong; Tong, Zhe; Ma, Qiang; Ni, Yuquan

doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2018.08.037

Cited by 51 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…As a consequence, work has focused on understanding the mechanisms by which surface texturing operates [8][9][10][11][12][13]. However, under some conditions, textured surfaces can also result in higher wear compared to untextured ones [14] and, in many cases, the desired friction and wear performance still cannot be precisely predicted for textured surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of dimple shape on tribofilm formation and tribological properties of textured surfaces under full and starved lubrication

Zheng

Abuflaha

et al. 2019

Tribology International

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Lubrication conditions have significant influences on the formation of tribofilms and then affect tribological behavior. In this work, the influence of tribofilm formation on the tribological behavior of textured surfaces with oval shapes was measured using a pin-on-plate tribometer. The results show that, under full lubrication, the adsorbed oil film controlled the friction and wear behavior of steel/steel tribopairs but under starved lubrication, the formation of a tribofilm significantly influenced the tribological behavior. The appropriate textured surfaces with oval-shaped dimples contributes to obtaining excellent antifriction and antiwear behavior. However, excessively high ratios of the major to the minor axis of the oval can result in high contact stresses which can destroy the tribofilm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of dimple shape on tribofilm formation and tribological properties of textured surfaces under full and starved lubrication

Zheng

Abuflaha

et al. 2019

Tribology International

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“…500 mN/m in nitrogen . Due to these properties and its nontoxic nature compared to other liquid metals such as mercury, galinstan has found use in numerous applications such as coolants, lubricants, electromechanical relays, , microfluidics, ,− actuators, ,− electrochemistry, − and catalysis. ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…500 mN/m in nitrogen. 11 Due to these properties and its nontoxic nature compared to other liquid metals such as mercury, galinstan has found use in numerous applications such as coolants, 12 lubricants, 13 electromechanical relays, 12,14 microfluidics, 5,15−17 actuators, 7,18−21 electrochemistry, 22−27 and catalysis. 4,28−31 Alternatively, in mechanical devices that require electrical connections, especially those with rotating parts, extreme friction conditions may exist, such as slip ring contact with current collectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Liquid Metal Galinstan as a High Current Carrier and Its Interaction with Collector Electrodes

Sarfo

Taylor

O’Mullane

2020

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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In this work, we demonstrate the potential application of liquid metal galinstan as a means of carrying high currents between two collector electrodes. The room-temperature liquid metal was placed between two electrodes made either of stainless steel (SS) or of copper, where the electrical performance at applied currents as high as 250 A was monitored and found to be highly stable. The surface interaction between galinstan and the collector electrodes in the presence and absence of such high DC currents was also investigated. After 12 h of contact with Cu electrodes, analysis by X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray experiments revealed the presence of Ga and Cu as well as evidence of very minor InSn phase separation from liquid galinstan to form a solid alloy. However, after the application of a DC current of 250 A for 12 h, extensive Cu−Ga alloy formation was observed in the form of CuGa 2 , as well as a more pronounced phase separation of the In and Sn components into islands of InSn. It was found that the slight temperature rise during electrical testing favored alloy formation but was not the origin of the phase separation of the In−Sn components. In contrast, analysis of the SS electrode after 24 h of an applied DC current of 250 A did not reveal any form of alloy formation. This work shows that the electrical performance of liquid metal galinstan is stable upon the application of high DC currents using two different contact materials even though the interaction with the contacts differs. In addition, this provides an interesting pathway that can be explored for alloy production using galinstan and Cu materials under the application of an applied current, which may have other uses apart from high-current-density carriers.

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“…Ga-based liquid metal (GLM) may be a potential heat-transfer material in many industries such as electronic devices and nuclear reactors because it combines environmental friendliness, high specific heat, low melting point, and many other advantages. − The friction and corrosion problems between GLM and structural components at high temperatures have become a major issue that must be confronted and solved before its large-scale industrial applications. , Compared with the traditional lubricating oils, when GLM is used as a lubricant, the lubrication state is mostly in the boundary lubrication, with a higher friction coefficient (∼0.1–0.6) and wear rate (orders of magnitude range from 10 –7 to 10 –4 mm 3 /Nm). − Unless it is used for rolling bearings with high speed (>1 m/s), the friction coefficient can be as low as 0.01. , Therefore, there is still much room for improvement in the lubricating performances of GLM, and it is valuable to explore some technical means to address this scientific problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Al-Doped Ga-Based Liquid Metal: Modification Strategy and Controllable High-Temperature Lubricity through Frictional Interface Regulation

et al. 2019

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Ga-based liquid metal (GLM) may be a potential heat-transfer material in many industries such as electronic devices and nuclear reactors, and thus, improving its lubricity is conducive to solving the friction and corrosion problems of the motion pairs served in the GLM medium. This paper proposes a modification strategy based on the conventional and large-scale mechanical milling to prepare Al-doped GLM successfully and regulates the GLM lubricity through controlling the frictional interface properties. It is found that at room temperature (∼20 °C), the Al element in the Al-doped GLM medium has a stronger adsorption capacity on the T91 surface, so the Al-rich film is formed on the frictional interfaces and reduces the wear of the T91 disk effectively compared to that in the GLM medium. However, the doping of Al is detrimental to the wear resistance of the T91 steel significantly at 400 °C by inhibiting the formation of the protective FeGa 3 film on the frictional interfaces, which readily appears at T91 frictional interfaces in the GLM medium. At 600 °C, Al atoms participate in the formation of a multilayer intermetallic film, thus improving the wear resistance again. This paper provides a new idea for preparing the metaldoped GLM and improving the lubricity of GLM, and it drives forward our understanding of the lubrication mechanisms of liquid lubricants.

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Enhanced lubrication effect of gallium-based liquid metal with laser textured surface

Cited by 51 publications

References 27 publications

Influence of dimple shape on tribofilm formation and tribological properties of textured surfaces under full and starved lubrication

Influence of dimple shape on tribofilm formation and tribological properties of textured surfaces under full and starved lubrication

Investigating Liquid Metal Galinstan as a High Current Carrier and Its Interaction with Collector Electrodes

Al-Doped Ga-Based Liquid Metal: Modification Strategy and Controllable High-Temperature Lubricity through Frictional Interface Regulation

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