Enhanced low-temperature lithium storage performance of multilayer graphene made through an improved ionic liquid-assisted synthesis

Raccichini, Rinaldo; Varzi, Alberto; Chakravadhanula, Venkata Sai Kiran; Kübel, Christian; Balducci, Andrea; Passerini, Stefano

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.183

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Comparing with the vibration of the pristine graphite, the hybrid materials, however, display a blue shift of 15 cm −1 and a shoulder peak at approximate 1605 cm −1 of the G bands (Figure 3b), a blue shift of 27 cm −1 of the 2D bands (Figure 3c), indicating decreasing number of layers and increasing disorder of the graphene sheets in the hybrid materials [35]. Moreover, the intensity ratio of D and G bands, I D /I G , for the HA/graphite (2/1, 4/1, 7/1, 10/1, w/w) hybrid material electrodes are 0.18, 0.17, 0.18, and 0.19, respectively, bigger than that of pristine graphite, 0.11, indicating smaller crystallite size and more disorder in the hybrid materials than the pristine graphite [36][37][38]. To conclude, the Raman results suggest that few-layer graphene sheets with smaller crystallite size, more defects and more serious disorder than the pristine graphite are found in the HA/graphite hybrid material electrodes.…”

Section: Ramanmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biocarbon Meets Carbon—Humic Acid/Graphite Electrodes Formed by Mechanochemistry

2019

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Humic acid (HA) is a biopolymer formed from degraded plants, making it a ubiquitous, renewable, sustainable, and low cost source of biocarbon materials. HA contains abundant functional groups, such as carboxyl-, phenolic/alcoholic hydroxyl-, ketone-, and quinone/hydroquinone (Q/QH2)-groups. The presence of Q/QH2 groups makes HA redox active and, accordingly, HA is a candidate material for energy storage. However, as HA is an electronic insulator, it is essential to combine it with conductive materials in order to enable fabrication of HA electrodes. One of the lowest cost types of conductive materials that can be considered is carbon-based conductors such as graphite. Herein, we develop a facile method allowing the biocarbon to meet carbon; HA (in the form of a sodium salt) is mixed with graphite by a solvent-free mechanochemical method involving ball milling. Few-layer graphene sheets are formed and the HA/graphite mixtures can be used to fabricate HA/graphite hybrid material electrodes. These electrodes exhibit a conductivity of up to 160 S·m−1 and a discharge capacity as large as 20 mAhg−1. Our study demonstrates a novel methodology enabling scalable fabrication of low cost and sustainable organic electrodes for application as supercapacitors.

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Section: Ramanmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biocarbon Meets Carbon—Humic Acid/Graphite Electrodes Formed by Mechanochemistry

2019

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“…Interestingly, it was also proved that multilayer graphene (obtained by liquid-phase exfoliation in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquid) could reversibly store lithium ions down to −30 °C, showing noticeable specifi c gravimetric capacity even when directly compared to its graphite analogue. [ 103 ] Even though the delithiation voltage was not reported, the voltage profi le resembling that of graphite is defi nitely appealing. K.-B.…”

Section: Continuedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Insight into the Relentless Progression Toward Graphene and Graphene‐Containing Materials for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes

et al. 2016

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that its extraordinary properties would enable revolutionary new technologies, which gave birth to the "graphene era". [ 3,4 ] Relying on this scenario, in 2013, the European Union launched the ¤1 billion "Graphene Flagship" project aimed to investigate the properties of this new form of carbon for various applications (e.g., electronics, sensors and energy storage devices), with the ambitious goal of guiding graphene from laboratories to commercial applications within a decade. [ 5,6 ] In the same period, the Chinese Government set up a similar investment to mass-produce graphene as thin fi lms (e.g., for touchscreen electrodes) and platelets (e.g., for use in batteries). [ 6 ] In the following years, hundreds of patents, mainly focused on manufacturing and application in energy storage, were fi led and the worldwide production of graphene and graphene-containing materials rapidly increased. Although a few Chinese industries claimed to already use graphene-containing materials for smartphone production, no revolutionary practical application relying on graphene has been yet developed. [ 6 ] Specifi cally with respect to the battery fi eld, a close analysis of the scientifi c literature reveals a struggle to meet the ambitious initial targets. A potential loss of focus from the fi nal application caused by hype and ease of publication on such a novel matter, together with the delivery of very misleading information [ 7,8 ] and erroneous statements [ 7 ] concerning the use of graphene in batteries are emerging as possible reasons of the ineffective graphene-era outburst. In this progress report, we do not focus on production and classifi cation of graphene and graphene-containing materials, which were already well reported in the past years. [ 3,[9][10][11] In contrast, due to the lack of an exhaustive analysis of the progression of the use of such materials in lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes, we report here a critical evaluation of the most prominent research papers published from 2008 until the end of 2015. As shown in Figure 1 , three different stages of the graphene research in LIB anodes can be distinguished: a fi rst stationary phase between 2008 and 2010 where the lithium-ion storage properties of different graphene and graphene-containing materials were preliminarily explored, a second exponential stage, spanning from 2010 to 2014, where graphene and graphene-containing anode materials were broadly developed and investigated, and fi nally, a third phase, (i.e., starting from 2015), where the research seems to have approached a plateau. After Used as a bare active material or component in hybrids, graphene has been the subject of numerous studies in recent years. Indeed, from the fi rst report that appeared in late July 2008, almost 1600 papers were published as of the end 2015 that investigated the properties of graphene as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Although an impressive amount of data has been collected, a real advance in the fi eld still seems to be missing. In this framework, atten...

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“…Organic cations can interact with π‐electronic compounds through the so‐called “cation–π” interaction. [9a] Raccichini et al reported a liquid‐phase exfoliation technique for graphene synthesis, which combined microwave irradiation and ultrasonication in the IL C 2 mimAc to obtain multilayer graphene . ILs have strong Coulombic interactions with graphite and promote the exfoliation by weakening the interlayer van der Waals forces.…”

Section: Ils Used As Synthetic Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Functional Nanomaterials in Ionic Liquids

2015

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Utilization of ionic liquids (ILs) in material synthesis is a promising field. The unusual properties of ILs provide new opportunities for the design of functional materials, and much excellent work has been reported. Here, the progress in material design and synthesis using ILs, especially nanomaterials, is discussed, including the unitization of ILs as synthetic media, templates, precursors, or components in the synthesis of various categories of nanomaterials. The challenges and opportunities in this interesting and rapid developing area are also discussed.

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Enhanced low-temperature lithium storage performance of multilayer graphene made through an improved ionic liquid-assisted synthesis

Cited by 54 publications

References 62 publications

Biocarbon Meets Carbon—Humic Acid/Graphite Electrodes Formed by Mechanochemistry

Biocarbon Meets Carbon—Humic Acid/Graphite Electrodes Formed by Mechanochemistry

Critical Insight into the Relentless Progression Toward Graphene and Graphene‐Containing Materials for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes

Synthesis of Functional Nanomaterials in Ionic Liquids

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