“…Moreover, based on technical information from reputable manufacturers of industrial inverters [27][28][29], injection voltage levels up to 25% of the available voltage are considered acceptable in industry (i.e., up to 80 V, in this case). Extending the survey with references from scientific literature [9,19,23,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], reveals that the injection level required for robust position estimation and sensorless control is widely variable, depending on many factors such as measurement noise, inverter and motor parameters, non-idealities and on the desired dynamics. For this reason, it is difficult to identify the minimum HF voltage which ensures robust sensorless operation, unless experiments on a specific system and application have been carried out.…”