Enhanced Leaching of Mn from Electrolytic Manganese Anode Slime via an Electric Field

Yang, Yong; Shu, Jiancheng; Zhang, Lei; Su, Pengxin; Meng, Weile; Wan, Qiuyue; Liu, Zuohua; Liu, Renlong; Chen, Fa‐Ming; Ming, Xianquan

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c02753

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Previous studies have also shown that a portion of lead in electrolytic manganese anode slime exists in the form of complex lead−manganese oxides such as Pb 2−x Mn 6 O 8 , Pb x Mn 8 O 16 , etc. 30,31 This suggests that lead and manganese can be mixed at the atomic level in oxides, forming a lead− manganese mixed layer. Similarly, in the inner layer closest to the lead matrix, the rhomboidal grain lead sulfate layer discussed earlier appears, corresponding to the selected area 1.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the Reaction Mechanism of Lead Anodes in the Manganese Electrowinning Process

Luo

Guo

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The electrowinning process of metal manganese suffers from the generation of anode slime. The solution has been hampered by a lack of clarity in the reaction mechanism. In this work, the anodic process was investigated from three aspects. First, four time points were selected to study the self-oxidation of the lead anode; second, the electrochemical behavior of manganese ions was observed by in situ UV–Vis spectroscopy; and finally, the chemical states of oxidative products and their effects on oxygen evolution were analyzed via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Tafel curves. Results show that an oxide film is formed on the inner side by self-oxidation of the lead anode and the manganese dioxide in the system is produced by the hydrolysis of trivalent manganese ions. A lead matrix/lead sulfate/lead–manganese mixed layer/nano-manganese dioxide layer is gradually formed on the surface. As the electrolysis progresses, the oxygen evolution activity of the electrode gradually increases, but the anode film tends to fall off under the wash of oxygen. The final anode slime is formed by the mixture of hydrolysates in the solution and the falling anode film. This work is expected to lay a theoretical framework for the anodic research of electrolytic manganese.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the Reaction Mechanism of Lead Anodes in the Manganese Electrowinning Process

Luo

Guo

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…In 2021, more than 10 million tons of EMR were produced and the accumulated EMR exceeded 160 million tons during the past decades. , EMR has become a barrier to the sustainable development of the manganese production industry. Especially, with the gradual exhaustion of high-grade manganese ore resources and the increasing demand for manganese worldwide, more EMR will be discharged . Under the dual pressure of resource shortage and environmental protection, therefore, the hazard-free treatment and resource utilization of EMR is critical to the sustainable development of EMM industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially, with the gradual exhaustion of high-grade manganese ore resources and the increasing demand for manganese worldwide, more EMR will be discharged. 5 Under the dual pressure of resource shortage and environmental protection, therefore, the hazard-free treatment and resource utilization of EMR is critical to the sustainable development of EMM industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Pyrite-assisted Mechanochemical Recovery of Insoluble Manganese from Electrolytic Manganese Residue: Kinetics and Mechanisms

Xiang,

Yang,

Liu

et al. 2023

ACS EST Eng.

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Numerous traditional methods have been applied to extracting manganese from electrolytic manganese residue (EMR). However, most of them focused on the recovery of water-soluble manganese from EMR, while insoluble manganese, whose content is usually high in EMR, was generally ignored. Herein, the recovery of insoluble manganese in EMR was systematically investigated by a natural pyrite-assisted mechanochemical method. The recovery efficiency of insoluble manganese exceeded 86%, and the leaching efficiency of iron was lower than 1% under optimal conditions (the pyrite/EMR mass ratio of 4% and mechanochemical treatment at 300–500 rpm for 120 min). Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure experiments showed that after treatment the leaching concentration of manganese decreased by more than 12 times, and ammonia nitrogen decreased by 27 times, which met the regulatory discharge limit (GB/T 8978-1996). Tescan integrated mineral analyzer analysis directly confirmed that the insoluble Mn(IV) in treated EMR was completely reduced to soluble Mn(II), and iron was solidified in the forms of Fe–S-(Si–Al–O) and pyrrhotite. A potential mechanism could be that the insoluble manganese encapsulated in EMR matrix was exposed to the particle surface by the mechanochemical reaction; whereafter, the redox reaction between pyrite and insoluble Mn(IV) was facilitated by the generated crystal defects and surfaces with dangling bonds under mechanochemical action. This study provides a direction for the resource utilization of insoluble Mn(IV) in EMR and also expands the theoretical basis for exploring the reduction mechanism of pyrite-assisted mechanochemical method.

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“…By using this method, nickel can be recovered with high current efficiency (95.6%) [3], and copper can be recovered from wastewater with high purity (96.38%) and low energy consumption (0.6 kWh•kg −1 Cu) [4]. Yong et al [5] studied the effects of Fe 2+ concentration, H 2 SO 4 concentration, liquid-solid mass ratio, reaction temperature and current density on the leaching efficiency of Mn. The leaching mechanism shows that Fe 2+ , Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ become electron transport media during the electric field leaching of Fe 2+ -Fe 3+ closed-loop system, and the redox leaching of MnO 2 and Fe 2+ in EMAS is realized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery and Utilization of Lead in Lead–Containing Waste Residue from Electrolytic Manganese Production

Song,

Fan,

Zhou

2023

Metals

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As a metallurgical and chemical raw material, electrolytic manganese is an important strategic resource. However, with the rapid development of the electrolytic manganese industry, the correct disposal of anode slime has become a serious problem. The purpose of this experiment was to reduce the occupation of land resources by the lead–containing waste residue of electrolytic manganese, reduce the pollution caused by the lead–containing waste residue to the environment and provide a reference for the research on the treatment technology and resource utilization of lead–containing waste residue in China. In this experiment, a special process was studied for the composition characteristics of lead–containing waste residues produced by electrolytic manganese. The acid leaching–enrichment–membrane electrolysis process was used to recover the lead in the lead–containing waste residues of electrolytic manganese and to recover the acid, so as to maximize the utilization of resources. In this experiment, the pretreated lead–containing waste residue was leached, enriched and concentrated, and then the enriched Pb2+ solution was used as cathode solution and dilute nitric acid as anode solution to recover lead by membrane electrolysis. The membrane electrolysis experiment uses lead plate as cathode, selects the best anion exchange membrane and anodic electrolysis material, and then takes lead recovery, acid recovery, current efficiency, voltage and power consumption as investigation indexes to explore and analyze the influence of many factors such as Pb2+ concentration and current density on the experiment, so as to determine the best membrane electrolysis process parameters. The optimum process parameters of lead recovery by membrane electrolysis were determined as follows: Pb2+ concentration was 40 g/L, current density was 30 mA/cm2, reaction temperature was 60 °C, cathodic pH value was 4.0, anodic HNO3 concentration was 0.5 mol/L, and cathodic ammonium nitrate concentration was 50 g/L. Under the optimal conditions, the current efficiency was 85.6%, the acid recovery was 73.03%, the lead recovery was 99.2%, the voltage was 3.8 V, and the power consumption was 1148.4 kW·h·t−1. Through the three steps of acid leaching–enrichment–membrane electrolysis, 78.53% of the Pb2+ in the original lead–containing waste residue can be recovered in the form of metal lead element, and the HNO3 recovered in the anode chamber can also be used again in the acid leaching process, which can not only solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by lead–containing waste residue but also achieve the recovery and utilization of resources, with good social and economic benefits.

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Enhanced Leaching of Mn from Electrolytic Manganese Anode Slime via an Electric Field

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Revealing the Reaction Mechanism of Lead Anodes in the Manganese Electrowinning Process

Revealing the Reaction Mechanism of Lead Anodes in the Manganese Electrowinning Process

Natural Pyrite-assisted Mechanochemical Recovery of Insoluble Manganese from Electrolytic Manganese Residue: Kinetics and Mechanisms

Recovery and Utilization of Lead in Lead–Containing Waste Residue from Electrolytic Manganese Production

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