Enhanced keratin extraction from wool waste using a deep eutectic solvent

Okoro, Oseweuba Valentine; Jafari, Hafez; Hobbi, Parinaz; Alimoradi, Houman; Shavandi, Amin

doi:10.1007/s11696-021-02029-4

Cited by 17 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The TPC yield at the optimum conditions was also experimentally determined and compared to the predicted optimal yield. The results indicate that the experimentally obtained TPC yield at the optimum condition is 39.08 ± 1.10 mg GAE/g db which is comparable to the predicted TPC yield of 39.63 mg GAE/g db with a relative absolute deviation (RAD) of 0.01, less than the minimum acceptable RAD of 5% [32]. Therefore, the experimental result validates the employed experiment design method and the accuracy of the developed empirical model.…”

Section: Determination Of Optimum Conditions For Tpc Extractionsupporting

confidence: 68%

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Green recovery of polyphenolic compounds from food industry apple waste using subcritical water

Hobbi¹,

Okoro²,

Musonge

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Subcritical water extraction (SWE) technology, as an environmentally sustainable technique, was applied to optimize the recovery of polyphenolic compounds from apple pomace (AP). Box–Behnken experimental design approach was used to investigate the effects of four process variables; extraction temperature (100-220 ºC), extraction time (30-120 min), mean sample particle size (500-1000 µm) and solid to solvent ratio (1-10 g/100 mL) on total polyphenolic compounds (TPC) yield. The SWE conditions for the optimal TPC of 39.08 ± 1.10 mg GAE per g of AP on dry basis (db) were determined to be temperature of 203.71 ºC, time of 75 min, solid to solvent ratio of 1 g/100 mL and a mean sample particle size of 500 µm. The temperature and solid to solvent ratio were determined as the most statistically significant process variables that influenced TPC yield. At the optimum conditions, antioxidant activity (% DPPH inhibition activity) of the polyphenolic extract was found in the range of 15.38–92.90% as compared to ascorbic acid (8.64–95.90%). The findings of this study proposed that SWE as a green and efficient technology provided significant advantage in term of polyphenolic compounds yield, and AP could be utilized as potential raw material for SWE of valuable antioxidant polyphenolic compounds.

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Section: Determination Of Optimum Conditions For Tpc Extractionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…The coded values were determined considering the ranges of the process variables specified above, as follows [32];…”

Section: Design Of Experiments and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Green recovery of polyphenolic compounds from food industry apple waste using subcritical water

Hobbi¹,

Okoro²,

Musonge

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…DESs possess high extraction ability and good solubilisation strength [ 86 ]. Several DESs were studied for regenerative keratin extraction, including a choline chloride–urea DES, choline chloride–oxalic acid DES, choline–ethylene glycol DES, choline–citric acid DES, and so on [ 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 ]. Among these, the choline chloride–urea DES is currently the most commonly used DES for keratin extraction.…”

Section: Novel Extraction Methods Of Keratinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation Methods and Functional Characteristics of Regenerated Keratin-Based Biofilms

Wang

Tong

2022

Polymers

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The recycling, development, and application of keratin-containing waste (e.g., hair, wool, feather, and so on) provide an important means to address related environmental pollution and energy shortage issues. The extraction of keratin and the development of keratin-based functional materials are key to solving keratin-containing waste pollution. Keratin-based biofilms are gaining substantial interest due to their excellent characteristics, such as good biocompatibility, high biodegradability, appropriate adsorption, and rich renewable sources, among others. At present, keratin-based biofilms are a good option for various applications, and the development of keratin-based biofilms from keratin-containing waste is considered crucial for sustainable development. In this paper, in order to achieve clean production while maintaining the functional characteristics of natural keratin as much as possible, four important keratin extraction methods—thermal hydrolysis, ultrasonic technology, eco-friendly solvent system, and microbial decomposition—are described, and the characteristics of these four extraction methods are analysed. Next, methods for the preparation of keratin-based biofilms are introduced, including solvent casting, electrospinning, template self-assembly, freeze-drying, and soft lithography methods. Then, the functional properties and application prospects of keratin-based biofilms are discussed. Finally, future research directions related to keratin-based biofilms are proposed. Overall, it can be concluded that the high-value conversion of keratin-containing waste into regenerated keratin-based biofilms has great importance for sustainable development and is highly suggested due to their great potential for use in biomedical materials, optoelectronic devices, and metal ion detection applications. It is hoped that this paper can provide some basic information for the development and application of keratin-based biofilms.

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“…DES is also renewable, reusable, biodegradable and easily adaptable in industrial processing due to low vapor pressure, flammability, and high dissolution ability (Ozel & Elibol, 2021). Recently investigated applications of DES in keratin production include lactic acid and l-cysteine (Okoro et al, 2022;Shavandi et al, 2021), ChCl-oxalic acid (Wang & Tang, 2018), ChCl-urea (Jiang et al, 2018), l-cysteine-urea (Wang, Li, et al, 2016) and l-cysteine, hydrochloride and sodium sulfite (ethanolwater mixed system; He et al, 2020).…”

Section: 34mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lactic acid and l-cysteine DES (2 g l-cysteine and 20 ml L(+)-lactic acid as a solution in water) can dissolve 90% of wool within 3.5 h at 95 • C by mixing 22 mg of wool in 1 g of the solvent. However, prolonged time (8 h) and higher temperatures (105 • C) might be required to dissolve a similar proportion of wool at a lower l-cysteine ratio in DES (1.6 g l-cysteine in 20 ml of lactic acid using 0.5 g of wool; Okoro et al, 2022). The mechanism of action in lactic acid/l-cysteine keratin degradation was suggested as the initial degradation of hydrogen bonds by lactic acid, followed by l-cysteine cleavage of disulfide bonds (Okoro et al, 2022).…”

Section: 34mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wool keratin as a novel alternative protein: A comprehensive review of extraction, purification, nutrition, safety, and food applications

Giteru

Ramsey

Hou

et al. 2022

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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The growing global population and lifestyle changes have increased the demand for specialized diets that require protein and other essential nutrients for humans. Recent technological advances have enabled the use of food bioresources treated as waste as additional sources of alternative proteins. Sheep wool is an inexpensive and readily available bioresource containing 95%–98% protein, making it an outstanding potential source of protein for food and biotechnological applications. The strong structure of wool and its indigestibility are the main hurdles to achieving its potential as an edible protein. Although various methods have been investigated for the hydrolysis of wool into keratin, only a few of these, such as sulfitolysis, oxidation, and enzymatic processes, have the potential to generate edible keratin. In vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity studies reported no cytotoxicity effects of extracted keratin, suggesting its potential for use as a high‐value protein ingredient that supports normal body functions. Keratin has a high cysteine content that can support healthy epithelia, glutathione synthesis, antioxidant functions, and skeletal muscle functions. With the recent spike in new keratin extraction methods, extensive long‐term investigations that examine prolonged exposure of keratin generated from these techniques in animal and human subjects are required to ascertain its safety. Food applications of wool could improve the ecological footprint of sheep farming and unlock the potential of a sustainable protein source that meets demands for ethical production of animal protein.

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Enhanced keratin extraction from wool waste using a deep eutectic solvent

Abstract: Highlightso Keratin recovery from wool using deep eutectic solvent was assessed o The basis for the use of the new deep eutectic solvent was discussed o The effects of the process variables on keratin yield were explored o Keratin recovered was optimised and characterised..

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Green recovery of polyphenolic compounds from food industry apple waste using subcritical water

Green recovery of polyphenolic compounds from food industry apple waste using subcritical water

Preparation Methods and Functional Characteristics of Regenerated Keratin-Based Biofilms

Wool keratin as a novel alternative protein: A comprehensive review of extraction, purification, nutrition, safety, and food applications

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