Enhanced In Vivo Wound Healing Efficacy of a Novel Hydrogel Loaded with Copper (II) Schiff Base Quinoline Complex (CuSQ) Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

Abstract

Wound dressings created using nanotechnology are known as suitable substrates to speed up the healing of both acute and chronic wounds. Therapeutic substances can be delivered using these materials. In this study, a hydrogel loaded with Cu (II) Schiff base 8-hydroxy quinoline complex (CuSQ) solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) was formulated to investigate its wound healing potential in an excision wound healing model in rats. The CuSQ SLN were spherical shaped with sizes ranging from 111 to 202 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) ranging from 0.43 to 0.76, encapsulation efficiency (EE) % between 85 and 88, and zeta potential (ZP) of −11.8 to −40 mV. The formulated hydrogel showed good homogeneity, good stability, and a pH of 6.4 which indicates no skin irritation and had no cytotoxicity on the human skin fibroblast (HSF) cell line. In the in vivo study, animals were placed in five groups: control, standard, plain hydrogel, low dose, and high dose of CuSQ hydrogel. Both doses of CuSQ showed significantly faster healing rates compared to standard and control rats. In addition, the histopathology study showed more collagen, improved angiogenesis, and intact re-epithelization with less inflammation. A significant increase in transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) level and increased immune expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by CuSQ treatment validates its role in collagen synthesis, proliferation of fibroblasts and enhancement of angiogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was found to be significantly reduced after CuSQ treatment. Immunohistochemistry of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) revealed a marked decrease in inflammation. Thus, we concluded that CuSQ would be a beneficial drug for cutaneous wound healing since it effectively accelerated wound healing through regulation of various cytokines and growth factors.

Antitumor and Antibacterial Activity of Ni(II), Cu(II), Ag(I), and Hg(II) Complexes with Ligand Derived from Thiosemicarbazones: Characterization and Theoretical Studies

“…The red shift proves that the azomethine nitrogen atoms share in complex forming. The appearance of new bands within the ranges 462–416 (νM–N) [ 4 , 5 , 6 ] and 549–501 (νM–O) cm −1 [ 7 , 8 , 9 ] confirms the participation of the N atom of the azomethine group [ 10 ] and the (carbonyl) O atom in the formation of the complexes to form a hexagonal ring with a carbaldehyde moiety. On the other hand, the broad bands at 956 and 946 were assigned to the coordinated OH and H 2 O for Ag(I) and Hg(II) complexes, respectively.…”

“…TSCs and similar complexes offer important chemical properties due to their diverse connection mechanisms, advantageous organic inferences, organizational diversity, and ion-detection capabilities [ 3 ]. They have also been utilized in therapeutics and have a wide range of organic properties, including antiseptic [ 4 ], antifungal [ 5 , 6 ], antiamoebic [ 7 ], antiviral [ 8 ], antitumor [ 9 ], and antimalarial [ 10 ] activities. Furthermore, numerous publications have demonstrated the biological characteristics of metal complexes containing nitrogen–sulphur, oxygen–nitrogen–sulphur, and oxygen–nitrogen–nitrogen chelating derivatives employing several carbonyl compounds [ 11 ].…”

Immunomodulatory Hydrogels: Advanced Regenerative Tools for Diabetic Foot Ulcer

“…[ 103 ] Other bioactive molecules like growth factors, energy metabolic products, and metallic compounds have been indicated to be loaded in hydrogels to evoke immune suppression and enhance ECs proliferation and migration, then resulting in wound repair acceleration. [ 91a,104 ] Moreover, there is evidence suggesting that hydrogel systems carrying adipose‐derived stem cells, MSC‐derived exosomes or engineered macrophages display pro‐regenerative effects on wound sites, which to some extent is associated with angiogenesis enhancement caused by encapsulated agents‐derived pro‐proliferative cytokines. [ 105 ] Recently, the drug‐encapsulated hydrogel systems possessing immunosuppression, ROS scavenging and pro‐angiogenic abilities have also been reported to exert desirable effects on facilitating diabetic wound healing, by virtue of the suppression of inflammation augmentation and faster advent of regeneration phase resulted from the multifunctional synergistic actions of hydrogel complexes.…”

Status and Future Scope of Soft Nanoparticles-Based Hydrogel in Wound Healing

“…Interestingly, the blank formulation presented healing properties due to the occlusive nature of SLNs, maintaining moisture at the wound mainly by the phosphatidylcholine presence. The same effect was demonstrated in hydrogels containing simvastatin-loaded SLN and Poloxamer 188 in composition, which has wound healing properties [ 89 , 119 ] as well as for hydrogels containing Cu (II) Schiff base 8-hydroxy quinoline complex-loaded SLN using Tween 80 as surfactant [ 92 ].…”