Enhanced Immunological Tolerance against Allograft Rejection by Oral Administration of Allogeneic Antigen Linked to Cholera Toxin B Subunit

Effects of cholera toxin on innate and adaptive immunity and its application as an immunomodulatory agent

“…Oral delivery of CTB conjugated to myelin basic protein protected mice against the development of EAE [66,67]. It was proposed that the inhibitory effect was a result of the induction of TGF-␤-producing Tr cells and down-regulation of chemokines in the CNS.…”

“…CTB conjugates were also effective in the induction of tolerance to type II collagen, leading to a suppression of chondritis in a model of autoimmune ear disease [70]. Oral administration of allogeneic antigen linked to CTB induced, immunological tolerance against allograft rejection [66]. It was shown that even without conjugation, CTB could potentiate oral tolerance induction to insulin [71].…”

A plant-made cholera toxin B subunit enhances mucosal wound healing and protects against ulcerative colitis and colon cancer.

“…CTB has been shown to induce Tgfb1 expression in lymphoid cells in models of autoimmune diseases but a link to wound healing has not previously been explored (101)(102)(103). Consistent with the gene expression results, an in vitro wound healing assay using the Caco2 human colon epithelial cell line showed that CTBp could enhance TGFβ-mediated mucosal wound healing (Fig.…”

“…These data subsequently lead us to demonstrate that CTBp promotes wound healing in the colonic mucosa in vitro (Chapter 3). Although CTB was previously shown to upregulate TGFβ expression in B cells for IgA class switching (104) and induce Tgfb1 expression in lymphoid cells in models of autoimmune diseases (101)(102)(103), the present study showed for the first time that CTB can exert TGFβ-driven mucosal healing in the colon epithelia.…”

The Cholera Toxin as a Biotechnological Tool

“…Oral administration of allogeneic antigen linked to CTB induced immunological tolerance against allograft rejection [Sun et al, 2000a]. Finally, transconjunctival immunotherapy using CTB could suppress clinical effects for experimental allergic conjunctivitis in guinea pigs [Oikawa et al, 2011].…”