Enhanced Immune Responses Against Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection Using Japanese Encephalitis Live-Attenuated Virus Adjuvanted with Montanide GEL 01 ST in Mice

Kim

Yoo

et al. 2020

Clin Exp Vaccine Res

We constructed a new canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) vaccine candidate using the recently isolated Korean CAV-2 strain; we termed the vaccine APQA1701-40P and evaluated its safety and immunogenicity in dogs. Materials and Methods: To generate the anti-CAV-2 vaccine, APQA1701 was passaged 40 times in MDCK cells growing in medium containing 5 mM urea and the virus was inactivated using 0.05% (volume per volume) formaldehyde. Two vaccines were prepared by blending inactivated APQA1701-40P with two different adjuvants; both were intramuscularly injected (twice) into guinea pigs. The safety and immunogenicity of the Cabopol-adjuvanted vaccine were evaluated in seronegative dogs. The humoral responses elicited were measured using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA), and via a virus neutralization assay (VNA). Results: The new, inactivated CAV-2 vaccine strain, APQA1701-40P, lacked six amino acids of the E1b-19K protein. In guinea pigs, the Cabopol-adjuvanted vaccine afforded a slightly higher VNA titer and I-ELISA absorbance than an IMS gel-adjuvanted vaccine 4 weeks postvaccination (p>0.05). Dogs inoculated with the former vaccine developed a significantly higher immune titer than non-vaccinated dogs. Conclusion: The Cabopol-adjuvanted, inactivated CAV-2 vaccine was safe and induced a high VNA titer in dogs.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunogenicity Of a New Inactivated Canine Adenovirus Type mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity of a new, inactivated canine adenovirus type 2 vaccine for dogs

Kim

Yoo

et al. 2020

Clin Exp Vaccine Res

“…If an inactivated rabies vaccine is to be highly immunogenic, it is essential to select an optimal adjuvant. The IMS1313 and IMS gel polymer adjuvants have been used to enhance the safety and efficacy of aqueous vaccines against Eimeria acervulina and Japanese encephalitis virus [ 19 20 ]. The ISA201 and ISA206 adjuvants, which are continuous aqueous phase W/O/W emulsions, have also been used as adjuvants in foot-and-mouth disease vaccines for cattle [ 21 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity of an inactivated rabies vaccine for animals derived from the recombinant ERAGS strain

Kim

Park

et al. 2021

Clin Exp Vaccine Res

Purpose The aims of the present study were to evaluate the immunogenicity of an inactivated rabies vaccine based on the ERAGS strain Materials and Methods The ERAGS virus propagated in Vero cells was inactivated with 3 mM binary ethylenimine for 8 hours. Three types of inactivated rabies vaccines were prepared to determine the minimum vaccine virus titers. Four further types of inactivated rabies vaccines were prepared by blending inactivated ERAGS with four different adjuvants; each vaccine was injected into mice, guinea pigs, and dogs to identify the optimal adjuvant. The immunogenicity of a Montanide (IMS) gel-adjuvanted vaccine was evaluated in cats, dogs, and cattle. Humoral immune responses were measured via a fluorescent antibody virus neutralization method and a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The minimum virus titer of the inactivated rabies vaccine was over 10 7.0 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID 50 values)/mL. Of the four kinds of adjuvants, the IMS gel-adjuvanted vaccine induced the highest mean viral neutralizing antibody (VNA) titers of 6.24 and 2.36 IU/mL in guinea pigs and dogs, respectively, and was thus selected as the vaccine for the target animals. Cats, dogs, and cattle inoculated with the IMS gel-adjuvanted vaccine developed protective VNA titers ranging from 3.5 to 1.2 IU/mL at 4 weeks post-inoculation (WPI). Conclusion Our data indicate that cats, dogs, and cattle inoculated with an inactivated rabies vaccine derived from the ERAGS strain developed protective immune responses that were maintained to 12 WPI.

“…The anti-rPotD antisera were prepared as previously described [Dai et al, 2019b]. Each mouse was immunized subcutaneously on days 0, 14, and 21 with 0.1 mg of rPotD (0.2 ml) containing a one-tenth volume of water adjuvant MONTANIDE™ GEL 01 (SEPPIC, Paris, France) [Xu et al, 2019]. Blood was collected using silica capillaries and non-additive vacuum blood tubes by retro-orbital bleeding on day 28.…”

Section: Expression/purification Of Recombinant Potd Protein and Preparation Of Mouse Antiserummentioning

confidence: 99%

Deletion of Polyamine Transport Protein PotD Exacerbates Virulence in Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis in the Form of Non-biofilm-generated Bacteria in a Murine Acute Infection Model

Dai

et al. 2021

Virulence

Self Cite

Polyamines are small, polycationic molecules with a hydrocarbon backbone and multiple amino groups required for optimal cell growth. The potD gene, belonging to the ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transport system potABCD, encodes the bacterial substrate-binding subunit of the polyamine transport system, playing a pivotal role in bacterial metabolism and growth. The swine pathogen Glaesserella parasuis possesses an intact pot operon, and the studies presented here mainly examined the involvement of PotD in Glaesserella pathogenesis. A potD-deficient mutant was constructed using a virulent G. parasuis strain SC1401 by natural transformation; immuno-electron microscopy was used to identify the subcellular location of native PotD protein; an electron microscope was adopted to inspect biofilm and bacterial morphology; immunofluorescence technique was employed to study cellular adhesion, the levels of inflammation and apoptosis. The TSA++-pre-cultured mutant strain showed a significantly reduced adhesion capacity to PK-15 and MLE-12 cells. Likewise, we also found attenuation in virulence using murine models focusing on the clinical sign, H&E, and IFA for inflammation and apoptosis. However, when the mutant was grown in TSB++, virulence recovered to normal levels, along with a high level of radical oxygen species formation in the host. The expression of PotD could actively stimulate the production of ROS in Raw 264.7. Our data suggested that PotD from G. parasuis has a high binding potential to polyamine, and is essential for the full bacterial virulence within mouse models. However, the virulence of the potD mutant is highly dependent on its TSA++ culture conditions rather than on biofilm-formation.