Enhanced Image Security Using Stenography and Cryptography

Matted, Sushmita; Shankar, Gori; Jain, Bharat Bhushan

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-9647-6_93

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The parities of these intermediate values are (odd, odd), (even, even), (odd, even), and (even, odd). As illustrated in Figure A2, values in C (1) and C (2) are always (odd, odd) and (even, even), respectively. The missing values can be (odd, even) or (even, odd).…”

Section: The Proposed Universal Algorithm For Ecsm and Ecdsmmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The proposed flag signal generation algorithm is shown in Algorithm 4. In this algorithm, A i and B i denote the values of m and n, respectively, in Equation (2). The difference between C…”

Section: The Proposed Universal Algorithm For Ecsm and Ecdsmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoTs), more devices require internet connectivity. Ensuring the security of integrated circuits in these devices is crucial to protect them from potential attacks [1,2]. The physical unclonable function (PUF) is an essential security technique for integrated circuits; it generates a unique electronic signature for each chip by exploiting chip characteristics caused by process variations [3].…”

Section: Introduction 1backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Secure ECDSA SRAM-PUF Based on Universal Single/Double Scalar Multiplication Architecture

Zhang,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) are crucial for enhancing cybersecurity by providing unique, intrinsic identifiers for electronic devices, thus ensuring their authenticity and preventing unauthorized cloning. The SRAM-PUF, characterized by its simple structure and ease of implementation in various scenarios, has gained widespread usage. The soft-decision Reed–Muller (RM) code, an error correction code, is commonly employed in these designs. This paper introduces the design of an RM code soft-decision attack algorithm to reveal its potential security risks. To address this problem, we propose a soft-decision SRAM-PUF structure based on the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA). To improve the processing speed of the proposed secure SRAM-PUF, we propose a custom ECDSA scheme. Further, we also propose a universal architecture for the critical operations in ECDSA, elliptic curve scalar multiplication (ECSM), and elliptic curve double scalar multiplication (ECDSM) based on the differential addition chain (DAC). For ECSMs, iterations can be performed directly; for ECDSMs, a two-dimensional DAC is constructed through precomputation, followed by iterations. Moreover, due to the high similarity of ECSM and ECDSM data paths, this universal architecture saves hardware resources. Our design is implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) using a Xilinx Virtex-7 and an TSMC 40 nm process. Compared to existing research, our design exhibits a lower bit error rate (2.7×10−10) and better area–time performance (3902 slices, 6.615 μs ECDSM latency).

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Section: The Proposed Universal Algorithm For Ecsm and Ecdsmmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The proposed flag signal generation algorithm is shown in Algorithm 4. In this algorithm, A i and B i denote the values of m and n, respectively, in Equation (2). The difference between C…”

Section: The Proposed Universal Algorithm For Ecsm and Ecdsmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction 1backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secure ECDSA SRAM-PUF Based on Universal Single/Double Scalar Multiplication Architecture

Zhang,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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“…In [37], additional security is provided by using a two-layer defense system that combines encryption and information hiding. The PSNR and MSE parameters are used to gauge the security level of the hidden image.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey Paper of Information Hiding by Using Steganography Techniques

Ali

Mohamed

Sayed

2022

Kafrelsheikh Journal of Information Sciences

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The practice of hiding communication by enclosing data in other data is known as steganography. There are many different carrier file kinds available, but due to their popularity on the Internet, digital photographs are the most popular. From ancient times to the present, the protection of secret information has always been a major concern. The basic goal of steganography is to hide the existence of the message so that an attacker cannot detect it. To incorporate hidden information, any type of cover item, such as text, image, or video, can be used. In this paper, a brief overview of steganography which is one of the main branches of information hiding is explained and covers its primary forms, categorization, and uses.

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“…With the rapid development of image processing technology comes the growing need for the enhanced safety of image storage [1][2][3][4], especially in sensitive applications such as face recognition payment, ID verification, license plate recognition, satellite radar imaging and secret military image storage, electronic backup of confidential documents, etc. Cryptographic algorithms are often used in these applications as security assurance.…”

Section: Introduction 1research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of Real-Time Image Acquisition Chip Based on Triple-Hybrid Encryption System

Luo

Wang

et al. 2022

Electronics

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With the improved hardware storage capabilities and the rapid development of artificial intelligence image recognition technology, information is becoming image-oriented. Increasingly sensitive image data needs to be processed. When facing a large amount of real-time sensitive image data encryption and decryption, ensuring both the speed and the security is an urgent demand. This paper proposes an original triple-hybrid encryption system for a real-time sensitive image acquisition chip. This encryption system optimizes the symmetric encryption algorithm AES, asymmetric encryption algorithm ECC, and chip authentication algorithm PUF in pursuit of security, calculation speed, and to ensure that it is lightweight. The three optimized algorithms are further mixed and reused on the circuit level, to ensure mutual protection while making full use of their advantages. Apart from sensitive image protection at the algorithm level, the image chip itself is also protected by an innovative PUF chip authentication method that prevents it from being tampered with and copied. Triple-hybrid encryption system hardware implementation achieves a frequency of 132.5 MHz under the Virtex-5 FPGA with an area of 2834 Slices; with Virtex-7 FPGA, it reaches a frequency of 137.6 MHz with an area of 2716 Slices. The system is also implemented on SMIC 40 nm ASIC, and the clock frequency reaches 480 MHz and the area is 94,812.4 μm2. In terms of computing speed, the peak image encryption speed is 6.15 Gb/s, which meets the real-time image encryption requirement. In terms of hardware resource usage, AES reduced the hardware area by 60.1% compared with the results in other literature, ECC reduced the hardware area by 43.4%, and the PUF hardware area decreased exponentially with the increase in information entropy. The implementation of the three algorithms is reasonable and cost-effective, and the mixture of algorithms does not increase the required capacity of the hardware resource. The triple-hybrid encryption system cooperates with the image acquisition subsystem, storage subsystem, and asynchronous clock subsystem through software control to realize a complete triple-hybrid encryption SoC chip solution, and was successfully taped-out under the SMIC 40 nm process with all constraints passed and a total area of 10.59 mm2.

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Enhanced Image Security Using Stenography and Cryptography

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Secure ECDSA SRAM-PUF Based on Universal Single/Double Scalar Multiplication Architecture

Secure ECDSA SRAM-PUF Based on Universal Single/Double Scalar Multiplication Architecture

A Survey Paper of Information Hiding by Using Steganography Techniques

Design and Implementation of Real-Time Image Acquisition Chip Based on Triple-Hybrid Encryption System

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