Enhanced guided bone regeneration by controlled tetracycline release from poly(L-lactide) barrier membranes

Abstract

With the aim of providing effective periodontal therapeutic modality, drug-releasing membranes for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) were developed. As GTR membranes, biodegradable barrier membranes composed of porous poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) films cast on poly(glycolide) (PGA) meshes were fabricated using an in-air drying phase inversion technique. PLLA was dissolved in methylene chloride-ethylacetate mixtures, cast on knitted PGA mesh, and then air-dried. Tetracycline, which is used in periodontal therapy because of its antibacterial activity and tissue regenerating effects, including osteoblast chemotactic effect and anti-collagenolytic activity, was incorporated into the membranes by adding it to PLLA solutions. The guided bone regenerating potential of tetracycline-loaded membranes was evaluated using release kinetics both in vitro and in vivo, biodegradation tests, and cell attachment tests. Homogeneous pores were generated both at the surface and in a sublayer of the membranes. The release kinetics of tetracycline depended mainly upon the hydrophilicity of tetracycline and the porosity of the membrane. The release rate further could be controlled by loaded drug contents. The release of tetracycline was appropriate for maintaining anti-microbial activity and for its tissue-regenerating potential. The membranes retained a proper degradation property, maintaining their mechanical integrity for the barrier function for 4 weeks. Tetracycline-loaded membranes induced increased cell attachment levels compared with those of unloaded membranes. Tetracycline-loaded membranes markedly increased new bone formation in rat calvarial defects and induced bony reunion after 2 weeks of implantation. These results suggest that tetracycline-loaded PLLA membranes potentially enhance guided tissue regenerative efficacy.

Antimicrobial Activity of Minocycline-Loaded Genipin-Crosslinked Nano-Fibrous Chitosan Mats for Guided Tissue Regeneration

“…In this study, genipin-crosslinked electrospun chitosan was able to absorb minocycline and release it in an extended manner that remained bacteriostatic for longer periods than uncrosslinked membranes (8 days as compared to 4 days). These results are similar to reports by others who have loaded biodegradable GTR membranes with antibiotics/antiseptics such as tetracycline, doxycycline or chlorhexidine [15][16][17]. Delayed degradation kinetics (Norowski et al, in review) contributed to the extended release seen from crosslinked membranes.…”

Coupling of therapeutic molecules onto surface modified coralline hydroxyapatite

“…It is recognized that the bone regeneration in periodontal defects has increased by local administration of tetracycline due to its anticollagenolytic effect, which enhances bone forming ability via osteoblast cell chemotaxis and hence reducing bone resorption. Also it promotes the growth of alveolar bone in periodontal therapy [24]. Therefore controlled delivery of tetracycline from the polymer-grafted HA may be highly beneficial for the treatment of infectious bone diseases.…”

Surface modification of a guided tissue regeneration membrane using tetracycline‐containing biodegradable polymers

“…Barrier membranes for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) are based on the concept of physical separation between the tissue compartment and bone defect sites. [1] Barrier membranes must satisfy space maintenance, tissue integration, cell-occlusiveness, and biocompatibility criteria. Of these properties, optimal space maintenance is the most important property to ensure the success of the periodontal treatment.…”

“…Recently, several studies reported that some periodontal pathogens could colonize and adhere to the GTR membrane. [1] Tetracycline is a well-known antibiotic that is effective against many periodontal diseaserelated microorganisms. [6] Many researchers have studied biodegradable membranes such as collagen and a synthetic biodegradable polymer for use in GTR.…”