Enhanced Functional Properties of Bioplastic Films Using Lignin Nanoparticles from Oil Palm-Processing Residue

Rizal, Samsul; Alfatah, Tata; Khalil, H. P. S. Abdul; Yahya, Esam Bashir; Abdullah, C. K.; Mistar, Eka Marya; Ikramullah, Ikramullah; Kurniawan, Rudi; Bairwan, Rahul

doi:10.3390/polym14235126

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…This is because edible films can improve food quality, freshness, and shelf-life. The edible films form a semipermeable barrier over the packaged food product, which improves its barrier properties by reducing moisture, lipid, gas, and volatile exchange [ 2 , 3 ]. Biopolymers have been studied for their film-forming capabilities in order to create edible films for food packaging [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coffee Waste Macro-Particle Enhancement in Biopolymer Materials for Edible Packaging

et al. 2023

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Plastic pollution has raised interest in biodegradable and sustainable plastic alternatives. For edible food packaging, seaweed biopolymers have been studied for their film-forming properties. In this study, packaging films were developed using the solvent casting technique from natural red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) and coffee waste product. The physico-chemical and thermal properties of seaweed/coffee biopolymer films was obtained using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transmission irradiation (FT-IR), water contact angle measurement (WCA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The characterization study was carried out to improve the film’s morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties. The average particle size of coffee waste was found to be between 1.106 and 1.281 µm, with a zeta potential value of −27.0 mV indicating the compound’s strong negative charge. The SEM analysis revealed that the coffee filler was evenly dispersed in the polymer matrix, improving the film’s structural properties. The FT-IR result shows that coffee waste was successfully incorporated over the film matrix with the presence of a N-H bond. The hydrophobic property of the film was enhanced with the incorporation of coffee filler, indicating increased water contact angle compared to the neat film. The tensile properties of the biopolymer film were significantly improved at 4 wt% coffee powder with optimum tensile strength (35.47 MPa) with the addition of coffee waste powder. The incorporation of coffee waste into the seaweed matrix increased the functional properties of the fabricated biopolymer film. Thus, seaweed/coffee biopolymer film has the potential to be used in food packaging and other applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coffee Waste Macro-Particle Enhancement in Biopolymer Materials for Edible Packaging

et al. 2023

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“…In addition, the degradation of PBAT will lead to the rapid decline of the mechanical properties of plastic packaging products, thus greatly reducing the service life of packaging films. Due to the addition of TC, the hydrophobicity of the composite film is significantly improved, so the composite film prepared in this study can be used as a waterproof material for biodegradable plastics [ 52 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Properties of PBAT/CaCO3 Composite Films Modified with Titanate Coupling Agent

et al. 2023

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High cost, low crystallinity, and low-melt strength limit the market application of the biodegradable material poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), which has become a major obstacle to the promotion of PBAT products. Herein, with PBAT as resin matrix and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as filler, PBAT/CaCO3 composite films were designed and prepared with a twin-screw extruder and single-screw extrusion blow-molding machine designed, and the effects of particle size (1250 mesh, 2000 mesh), particle content (0–36%) and titanate coupling agent (TC) surface modification of CaCO3 on the properties of PBAT/CaCO3 composite film were investigated. The results showed that the size and content of CaCO3 particles had a significant effect on the tensile properties of the composites. The addition of unmodified CaCO3 decreased the tensile properties of the composites by more than 30%. TC-modified CaCO3 improved the overall performance of PBAT/CaCO3 composite films. The thermal analysis showed that the addition of titanate coupling agent 201 (TC-2) increased the decomposition temperature of CaCO3 from 533.9 °C to 566.1 °C, thereby enhancing the thermal stability of the material. Due to the heterogeneous nucleation of CaCO3, the addition of modified CaCO3 raised the crystallization temperature of the film from 97.51 °C to 99.67 °C and increased the degree of crystallization from 7.09% to 14.83%. The tensile property test results showed that the film reached the maximum tensile strength of 20.55 MPa with the addition of TC-2 at 1%. The results of contact angle, water absorption, and water vapor transmission performance tests showed that TC-2 modified CaCO3 increased the water contact angle of the composite film from 85.7° to 94.6° and decreased the water absorption from 13% to 1%. When the additional amount of TC-2 was 1%, the water vapor transmission rate of the composites was reduced by 27.99%, and the water vapor permeability coefficient was reduced by 43.19%.

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“…The general structure of nanocellulose is derived from the hierarchical structure of cellulose, which is a linear polymer composed of repeating glucose units. In its native form, cellulose consists of long chains of glucose molecules linked together by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds [16,17]. Nanocellulose can be derived from various sources, including wood pulp, agricultural waste, and certain bacteria [18].…”

Section: Nanocellulose Functional Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Microorganisms in the Isolation of Nanocellulose from Plant Biomass

Yahya,

Elarbash,

Bairwan

et al. 2023

Forests

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The isolation and bottom-up assembly of nano-cellulose by using microorganisms offers unique advantages that fine-tune and meet the main key design criteria of sustainability, rapid renewability, low toxicity and scalability for several industrial applications. As a biomaterial, several properties are required to maintain the quality and functional period of any product. Thus, researchers nowadays are extensively using microorganisms to enhance the yield and properties of plant nanocellulose. A microbial process requires approximately 20%–50% less energy compared to the chemical isolation process that consumes high energy due to the need for intense mechanical processing and harsh chemical treatments. A microbial process can also reduce production costs by around 30%–50% due to the use of renewable feedstocks, fewer chemical additives, and simplified purification steps. A chemical isolation process is typically more expensive due to the extensive use of chemicals, complex processing steps, and higher energy requirements. A microbial process also offers higher yields of nanocellulose with well-defined and uniform dimensions, leading to improved mechanical properties and enhanced performance in various applications, compared with the chemical isolation process, which may result in a wider range of nanocellulose sizes, potentially leading to variations in properties and performance. The present review discusses the role of different microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts and fungi) in the isolation and production of nanocellulose. The types and properties of nanocellulose from different sources are also discussed to show the main differences among them, showing the use of microorganisms and their products to enhance the yield and properties of nanocellulose isolation. Finally, the challenges and propositions regarding the isolation, production and enhancement the quality of nanocellulose are addressed.

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Enhanced Functional Properties of Bioplastic Films Using Lignin Nanoparticles from Oil Palm-Processing Residue

Cited by 8 publications

References 63 publications

Coffee Waste Macro-Particle Enhancement in Biopolymer Materials for Edible Packaging

Coffee Waste Macro-Particle Enhancement in Biopolymer Materials for Edible Packaging

Research on Properties of PBAT/CaCO3 Composite Films Modified with Titanate Coupling Agent

The Role of Microorganisms in the Isolation of Nanocellulose from Plant Biomass

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