Enhanced Frequency Response From Industrial Heating Loads for Electric Power Systems

Zhou, Yue; Meng, Chao; Wu, Jianzhong

doi:10.1109/tii.2018.2879907

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Current DR schemes can be categorized into two types, depending on whether the customers are passively scheduled or if they actively make decisions. In the first type, several DR customers are aggregated, modeled as a virtual power plant (VPP), and dispatched in the unit commitment [23], optimal power flow [24], and frequency regulation [25]. This approach is easily deployed in practice.…”

Section: B Second Contribution and Its Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating and Increasing the Renewable Energy Share of Customers’ Electricity Consumption

Fan

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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Demand response (DR) is a critical enabler for promoting the integration of significant renewable energy sources (RES) into power systems. However, the contribution of each customer to the amount of integrated RES in the entire system cannot be quantified based on current studies, which hinders the deployment and promotion of DR programs. To address this problem, an index to quantitatively evaluate the marginal impact on the amount of integrated RES in the whole system caused by a customer (MIR) was proposed in this paper. The MIR proved to be reasonable for the evaluation of the renewable energy share of a customer's electricity consumption (RSC). We subsequently proposed an RSC-based DR scheme, in which customers are motivated to individually reshape their load profiles to obtain a higher RSC, which accordingly facilitates integrating RES in the whole system. Optimal load reshaping strategies were derived from a bilevel optimization model, which was converted into a mathematical program with primal and dual constraints (MPPDC). The test system was generated based on the load data from Open Energy Information and RES data from the PJM. We corroborated the RSC evaluation result analytically and numerically. Further tests on the RSC-based DR scheme showed it could help facilitate integrating considerably more RES into the power system.

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Section: B Second Contribution and Its Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating and Increasing the Renewable Energy Share of Customers’ Electricity Consumption

Fan

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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“…Consequently, it is important to identify industrial/commercial loads based on DR service requirements. The potential use of bitumen tanks, being representative of industrial heating loads, to provide EFR in the GB power system has been investigated, with a high level of satisfaction [19], where the required EFR response was provided by changing the temperature set‐points of the bitumen tanks. It has also been demonstrated that battery energy storage systems can be deployed on industrial manufacturing sites, equipped with combined heat and power units, to unlock their potential to provide a firm frequency response (<10 s) [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast frequency response provision from commercial demand response, from scheduling to stability in power systems

Misaghian

O’Dwyer

Flynn

2022

IET Renewable Power Gen

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Reduced numbers of online conventional generators, due to increasing shares of renewable energy sources, are increasing the requirement for a fast frequency response capability from reserve providers when a large infeed/outfeed trips. The commercial demand‐side sector, considering its size (MW/MWh) and existing communication and control infrastructure, makes it a potential valuable source of flexibility provision. Supermarket refrigeration systems are considered here as being representative of commercial end‐uses, with individual devices stochastically simulated under different ambient conditions, supermarket occupancy, food categories, and refrigeration performance. An aggregated fleet of supermarket loads are then created to provide a system‐wide reserve response. The all‐island power system of Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland, with a horizon of 2030, is considered as a representative case study. Three distinct demand‐side frequency control methods, including static, droop, and hybrid control are presented and developed within a stability analysis platform. Year‐long simulation results show a general improvement in the frequency nadir and (maximum) rate of change of frequency when supermarkets are providing fast frequency response services to the grid, with the likelihood of severe transients (frequency nadir <49 Hz) greatly reduced (82% improvement), depending on the FFR control design, and associated speed of response.

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“…Small-to-midsize combined heat and power (CHP) units, which are widely used in industries, are well positioned to provide flexibility services, pointed out by the U. S. Department of Energy [6]. A typical flexibility service, namely frequency response [7], [8], is one of the key areas where CHP has been attracting increased attention. A flexible CHP system at Princeton University which was designed to support campus' heat and electricity needs, has been applied to enable frequency response [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlock the Flexibility of Combined Heat and Power for Frequency Response by Coordinative Control With Batteries

Ming

Zhou

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf.

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Owners of combined heat and power (CHP), e.g., industrial manufacturers, are motivated to provide frequency response to power grids due to clear financial benefits. Yet, the slow response speed of CHP limits its capability in providing such services. Moreover, frequent adjustments would cause a faster lifetime reduction of CHP and rapid pressure fluctuation in the gas network. To further unlock the flexibility of CHP, this paper integrates a battery unit with CHP via a power electronic interface. A filter-based coordinative controller is designed for smoothing short-term fluctuations in CHP outputs. Based on the filter parameters and frequency response requirements, the minimum required capacity of the battery is identified. The results show that the proposed system enhances the capability of CHP for frequency response and mitigates the associated adverse effects on the gas network. The required capacity of the battery is economically feasible considering the benefit it brings to the CHP.

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Enhanced Frequency Response From Industrial Heating Loads for Electric Power Systems

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Evaluating and Increasing the Renewable Energy Share of Customers’ Electricity Consumption

Evaluating and Increasing the Renewable Energy Share of Customers’ Electricity Consumption

Fast frequency response provision from commercial demand response, from scheduling to stability in power systems

Unlock the Flexibility of Combined Heat and Power for Frequency Response by Coordinative Control With Batteries

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