Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum) has become industrially important in producing glutamic acid and lysine since its discovery and has been the subject of proteomics and central carbon metabolism studies. The proteome changes depending on environmental conditions, nutrient availability, and stressors. Post-translational modification (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, methylation, and glycosylation, alter the function and activity of proteins, allowing them to respond quickly to environmental changes. Proteomics techniques, such as mass spectrometry and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, have enabled the study of proteomes, identification of proteins, and quantification of the expression levels. Understanding proteomes and central carbon metabolism in microorganisms provides insight into their physiology, ecology, and biotechnological applications, such as biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and industrial enzyme production. Several attempts have been made to create efficient production strains to increase productivity in several research fields, such as genomics and proteomics. In addition to amino acids, C. glutamicum is used to produce vitamins, nucleotides, organic acids, and alcohols, expanding its industrial applications. Considerable information has been accumulated, but recent research has focused on proteomes and central carbon metabolism. The development of genetic engineering technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, has improved production efficiency by allowing precise manipulation of the metabolic pathways of C. glutamicum. In addition, methods for designing new metabolic pathways and developing customized strains using synthetic biology technology are gradually expanding. This review is expected to enhance the understanding of C. glutamicum and its industrial potential and help researchers identify research topics and design studies.
