Enhanced fast charge–discharge performance of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries by Ce and CeO₂ modification using a facile method

Abstract

Ce and CeO2in situ modified Li4Ti5O12 with fast charge–discharge performance for lithium-ion batteries were prepared by a solid-state method. The improved performance are found to be due to the increased ionic and electronic conductivity.

Enhanced lithium storage capability of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 anode material with low content Ce modification

“…Ce-modified LTO composites [15][16][17]. The reduced Ce 3+ ions and the inert calcination atmosphere may be responsible for these results.…”

“…The solid-state synthesis method may be responsible for this phenomenon [4,25]. Interestingly, due to the fast and direct transformation between Ce 3+ and Ce 4+ , the impurity phase CeO 2 emerged in the modified sample has been considered as an ideal conductive additive to improve the electronic conductivity of electrode materials [15][16][17]29]. Moreover, the CeO 2 particles could also play as a HF scavenger to prevent the active material from being corroded by the electrolyte during the electrochemical reaction process [17].…”

“…It can be observed that the (111) peak of the modified sample moved to a slightly lower angle, which could be ascribed to the substitution of some Ce 3+ for Ti 4+ and to the larger ionic radius of Ce 3+ (1.02 Å) than Ti 4+ (0.61 Å) [15][16][17]. The lattice parameters of the two samples are listed in Table 1.…”

“…The obtained nanospheres exhibited a much better rate capability than pristine LTO. Subsequently, Yi et al [16] could create more oxygen vacancies as charge compensation [16,17]. These two factors are in favor of the ionic and the electronic conductivity of LTO, respectively [19,20].…”

“…A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT -4 -Up to now, various rare earth ions such as La 3+ , Sc 3+ , Sm 3+ , Gd 3+ , Y 3+ and Ce 4+ [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] have been investigated. Among all the rare earth elements, Ce is the most abundant [18].…”