Enhanced expectancies benefit performance under distraction, but compromise it under stress: Exploring the OPTIMAL theory

Simmonds, Philip J.; Wakefield, Caroline; Coyles, Ginny; Roberts, James W.

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2023.103085

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…For instance, recent investigators have implemented manipulation checks to evaluate the influence of OPTIMAL-based interventions to elicit participant self-efficacy, confidence, motivation, etc. (Simmonds et al, 2023; Simpson et al, 2020; Wulf et al, 2014). We expect our present intervention to produce similar positive cognitive outcomes, but future researchers should employ appropriate manipulation checks to confirm this hypothesis (e.g., via self-report questionnaires or semi-structured interviews).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Either Autonomy Support or Enhanced Expectancies Delivered Via Virtual-Reality Benefits Frontal-Plane Single-Leg Squatting Kinematics

Hogg,

Wilkerson,

Acocello

et al. 2024

Percept Mot Skills

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Our purpose in this study was to determine the effects of a virtual reality intervention delivering specific motivational motor learning manipulations of either autonomy support (AS) or enhanced expectancies (EE) on frontal plane single-leg squatting kinematics. We allocated 45 participants (21 male, 24 female) demonstrating knee, hip, and trunk frontal plane mechanics associated with elevated anterior cruciate ligament injury risk to one of three groups (control, AS, or EE). Participants mimicked an avatar performing five sets of eight repetitions of exemplary single-leg squats. AS participants were given the added option of choosing the color of their avatar. EE participants received real-time biofeedback in the form of green highlights on the avatar that remained on as long as the participant maintained pre-determined ‘safe’ frontal plane mechanics. We measured peak frontal plane knee, hip, and trunk angles before (baseline) and immediately following (post) the intervention. The control group demonstrated greater increases in knee abduction angle (Δ = +2.3°) than did the AS (Δ = +0.1°) and EE groups (Δ = −0.4°) ( p = .003; η2p = .28). All groups demonstrated increased peak hip adduction ( p = .01, ηp2 = .18) (control Δ = +1.5°; AS Δ = +3.2°; EE Δ = +0.7°). Hip adduction worsened in all groups. AS and EE motivation strategies appeared to mitigate maladaptive frontal plane knee mechanics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Either Autonomy Support or Enhanced Expectancies Delivered Via Virtual-Reality Benefits Frontal-Plane Single-Leg Squatting Kinematics

Hogg,

Wilkerson,

Acocello

et al. 2024

Percept Mot Skills

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When Task Seems Easier: The Influence of Illusory Target Size on Hitting Accuracy

Kulieva

2024

Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology

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<p style="text-align: justify;">The article investigates the influence of subjective beliefs about one's efficiency on the results of sensorimotor activity through experimental studies using size illusions. Sensorimotor learning is a process of increasing the efficiency of activity as it is practised. It involves a two-way relationship between performance expectations and performance outcomes. Performance expectations are subjective beliefs about the likely success of a particular task. Visual illusions are often used to investigate this relationship. Illusorily larger targets are perceived as easier compared to illusorily smaller ones; as a consequence, subjects are more efficient at hitting targets that appear easier to them. However, results that do not fit the model are still observed. The paper proposes an explanation for the inconsistent results by a possible "failure" in a three-level mechanism involving replication of the size illusion, perception of targets as different in difficulty, and changing performance prediction according to difficulty. The paper analyses the design and results of 18 experimental studies conducted from 2012 to 2023 and suggests possible modifications of the experimental paradigms at each of the three levels of the mechanism of the effect of performance prediction on sensorimotor activity.</p>

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Mind wandering is not always harmful in sports: the role of its content

Li,

Xue

et al. 2024

Front. Psychol.

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ObjectiveMind wandering (MW) among athletes during training and competition can lead to poor performance. However, MW has also been found to have positive effects. This study aims to clarify the causes of the bidirectional (negative and positive) effects of MW in the sports context, specifically focusing on whether these effects are related to the content of MW.MethodsA total of 846 Chinese athletes completed the Chinese version of the MW scales. The survey data were tested for common method biases. Subsequently, Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were performed using SPSS 25.0 and Mplus 7.0.ResultsThe frequency of MW can positively predict its bidirectional effects. MW content plays an important role in the relationships between MW frequency and its negative and positive effects, but the direction of influence varies depending on the content.ConclusionMW in sports is not always harmful, and its content plays an important role. These findings suggest that managing MW content may be a promising MW intervention method for improving performance in sports.

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Enhanced expectancies benefit performance under distraction, but compromise it under stress: Exploring the OPTIMAL theory

Cited by 3 publications

References 64 publications

Either Autonomy Support or Enhanced Expectancies Delivered Via Virtual-Reality Benefits Frontal-Plane Single-Leg Squatting Kinematics

Either Autonomy Support or Enhanced Expectancies Delivered Via Virtual-Reality Benefits Frontal-Plane Single-Leg Squatting Kinematics

When Task Seems Easier: The Influence of Illusory Target Size on Hitting Accuracy

Mind wandering is not always harmful in sports: the role of its content

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