Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Chitosan by Surfactant Addition

Rokhati, Nur; Susanto, Heru; Haryani, Kristinah; Pramudono, Bambang

doi:10.3311/ppch.11142

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…They are often used as chitosan to be used in composites or anti-corrosive layers [8,9]. Chitosan can be processed in enzymatic conditions [10] or in acidic aqueous medium. The latter, with the help of microwave treatment, may provide such valuable platform molecules like levulinic acid [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal degradation of crab shell biomass, a nitrogen-containing carbon precursor

Sebestyén

Jakab

Domán

et al. 2020

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Waste and low-cost lignocellulosic biomasses are well studied and widely used as raw materials for porous carbon adsorbents. Much less attention is given to the exploration of the potential of marine biomasses, though these materials contain also nitrogen, which-if preserved during the processing-has a beneficial influence on the sorption properties of the porous carbon obtained. Here, we report a multi-technique investigation into the conversion of crab shell to porous carbon adsorbent. Thermogravimetry and pyrolysis-GC/MS studies were used to reveal the thermal degradation of this natural polymer and follow the decomposition process through the identification of the products. Almost 40 various volatile degradation products were distinguished released at 500 °C pyrolysis temperature. Based on the TGA/DTG results, two temperatures, 350 and 500 °C, were selected to obtain pyrolytic samples in macroscopic quantities in order to characterize the morphology and surface chemistry of the solid fraction. More than 50% of the nitrogen atoms were still in the carbonaceous matrix after the 500 °C pyrolysis in the C-N=C, C-NH and 3C-N-type bonds. The ash content < 1% included hydroxylapatite-type crystalline matter. Based on these results, we may conclude that crab shells have a high potential as precursor of nitrogen-containing biochar.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal degradation of crab shell biomass, a nitrogen-containing carbon precursor

Sebestyén

Jakab

Domán

et al. 2020

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…The reducing sugars formation proves the presence of enzymatic hydrolysis activity. On the other hand, the degradation of the linear polysaccharides causes the solution's viscosity, and the molecular weight of chitosan decreases [22]. Therefore, the reaction rate of chitosan hydrolysis could be studied by measuring the solution viscosity, as shown in Figure 1B.…”

Section: The Effect Of Surfactant Hlb Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The greater the HLB value, the more water-soluble the molecule is and vice versa [21]. Previously, Rokhati et al [22] studied the Tween 80 surfactant addition on the enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan using cellulase enzyme. The study results showed that Tween 80 could improve the formation rate of reducing sugars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Surfactant HLB Value on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Chitosan

et al. 2022

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Nonionic surfactants are reported as being able to enhance enzyme stability and increase the conversion of enzymatic reactions. Surfactant-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis conversion is affected by surfactant HLB values. This work investigated the influence of nonionic surfactants with different HLB values on chitosan enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase enzyme by measuring the reducing sugars formation, viscosity, and molecular weight of hydrolyzed chitosan. A characterization analysis of hydrolyzed products was also carried out. A higher HLB value exhibits a better enzymatic chitosan hydrolysis performance, shown by the decrease in a solution’s viscosity and the increase in reducing sugar formation. Increasing the surfactant concentration will also increase the hydrolysis rate. Nonionic surfactants can protect cellulase enzyme from the denaturation of temperature and stirring influence. The higher the HLB value, the lower the molecular weight of the hydrolyzed chitosan. The result of UV–Vis demonstrated aldehyde groups formation during hydrolysis. The SEM analysis showed that the chitosan, hydrolyzed using different HLB values of surfactants, had different surface morphologies. However, it did not change the chemical structure of the hydrolysis product seen by the FTIR analysis. The XRD patterns showed that the relative crystallinity of raw chitosan decreased when hydrolyzed with surfactants.

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“…Enzymatic hydrolysis is a more eco-friendly and selective technique to obtain high sugar yield instead of acid hydrolysis. The advantages of enzymatic hydrolysis include mild reaction conditions, high specificity, and no sugar rings modification [7]. The sugar-rich-hydrolyzate could be subsequently fermented into high added value products such as biochemicals, biomaterials, and biofuels [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Microwave Pretreatment on Production of Reducing Sugar from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

et al. 2020

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Perlakuan pendahulan biomassa merupakan tahapan terpenting dalam memproduksi produk-produk berbasis bio (bio-based products) secara biologis. Pada penelitian ini, energi gelombang mikro (microwave) digunakan selama perlakuan pendahuluan untuk meningkatkan kinerja proses sakarifikasi tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) menjadi gula-gula pereduksi. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perlakuan pendahuluan seperti daya (180-360 watt), waktu iradiasi (5-30 menit), dan solid loading (2,5%-7,5%) dievaluasi. Kinerja hidrolisis TKKS yang telah diberi perlakuan pendahuluan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan Cellic CTec2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cairan residu yang diperoleh setelah perlakuan pendahuluan menghasilkan gula pereduksi dalam jumlah yang rendah, yaitu antara 1,39 dan 3,92 mg/g-TKKS. Akan tetapi, setelah padatan residu dihidrolisis secara enzimatis, rendemen gula pereduksi meningkat secara signifikan. Menariknya, hanya pada level daya terendah (180 watt), gula pereduksi meningkat seiring dengan perpanjangan waktu iradiasi untuk semua solid loading. Sebaliknya, pada 360 watt, semakin lama waktu iradiasi diterapkan, semakin rendah gula pereduksi yang diperoleh untuk semua solid loading. Gula pereduksi tertinggi dihasilkan hingga 151 mg/g-TKKS, yaitu menggunakan 5% padatan pada 180 watt selama 25 menit. Berdasarkan hasil-hasil ini, perlakuan pendahuluan menggunakan gelombang mikro yang diikuti dengan hidrolisis enzimatis merupakan salah satu metode yang potensial untuk memproduksi gula dari TKKS.Pretreatment of biomass is the most crucial step in the biological production of bio-based products. In this study, microwave energy was used during the pretreatment process to enhance the saccharification performance of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) into reducing sugar. The influential factors of pretreatment such as power level (180-360 watt), irradiation time (5-30 min), and solid loading (2.5%-7.5%) were evaluated. The performance of pretreated OPEFB hydrolysis was subsequently assessed by Cellic CTec2. The result showed that spent liquor produced after pretreatment only released a low amount of reducing sugar in the range between 1.39 and 3.92 mg/g-OPEFB. After residual solid was enzymatically hydrolyzed, a significant increase in the reducing sugar yield occurred. Interestingly, only at the lowest power level (180 watts), the reducing sugar rose along with the extension of irradiation time for all solid loadings. On the contrary, the longer irradiation time was applied, the lower reducing sugar was acquired at 360 watts for all solid loadings. The highest reducing sugar was produced up to 151 mg/g-OPEFB using 5% solid at 180 watts for 25 min. This indicated that microwave pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis was one of the potential methods to recover sugars in OPEFB.

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Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Chitosan by Surfactant Addition

Abstract: Less attention has been paid for the effects of surfactant on

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Thermal degradation of crab shell biomass, a nitrogen-containing carbon precursor

Thermal degradation of crab shell biomass, a nitrogen-containing carbon precursor

Effect of Surfactant HLB Value on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Chitosan

Effect of Microwave Pretreatment on Production of Reducing Sugar from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

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