Enhanced energy storage properties of BNT-based ceramics via composition and multiscale structural engineering

High energy storage density achieved in BNT‐based ferroelectric translucent ceramics under low electric fields

“…To further investigate the impact of the BZT content on the crystal structure of (1−x)BNT−xBZT:0.6%Er 3+ ceramics, the magnification of the diffraction peak in the range of 44 to the substitution of Ba 2+ (1.61 Å) for Na + (1.39 Å), Bi 3+ (1.38 Å) in the A-site, and Zr 4+ (0.72 Å) for Ti 4+ (0.605 Å) in the B-site. 11,[27][28][29][30][31] Figure 3 presents the surface microscopic morphologies of (1−x)BNT−xBZT:0.6%Er 3+ ceramics. The average grain size, experimental densities (ρ m ), theoretical density (ρ th ), and relative densities (ρ r ) with content x are also displayed in Table 1.…”

“…According to the Bragg equation nλ = 2 d sin θ , the shift in the peak position means that the crystal plane spacing becomes larger. The lattice expansion can be attributed to the substitution of Ba 2+ (1.61 Å) for Na + (1.39 Å), Bi 3+ (1.38 Å) in the A‐site, and Zr 4+ (0.72 Å) for Ti 4+ (0.605 Å) in the B‐site 11,27–31 …”

Achieving Remarkable Energy Storage Performances under Low Electric Field in Bi0.5N0.5TiO3-SrTiO3-Based Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics via a Heterostructure Doping Strategy

“…In general, there are four types of dielectric materials: ferroelectrics, antiferroelectrics, linear dielectrics (LDs), and relaxor ferroelectrics (REFs). , Compared with the other, lead-free RFEs, ceramic materials have recently risen to a research priority of the energy storage industry due to a significant polarization disparity (Δ P ) and growing environmental concerns. , So far, a considerable amount of perovskite lead-free RFE energy storage materials have been developed, including Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 (BNT)-based, BaTiO 3 (BT)-based, K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 (KNN)-based, and BiFeO 3 (BF)-based ceramics. − Among the various materials, BNT-based RFEs, especially Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 - x SrTiO 3 (BNT-ST)-based RFEs, are the most extensively researched materials due to their high maximum polarization (∼50 μC/cm 2 ) at a low electric field . However, the non-negligible P r still needs further improvements in the ESPs of BNT-based ceramics. , …”

Ba2+/Sr2+ regulation in A‐site vacancy‐engineered B0.015+1.5xS0.245‐1.5x□0.03BNT relaxor ceramics for energy storage

“…8 Recently, vacancy defect engineering has been recognized as an effective strategy for improving the energy storage characteristics of BNT-based ceramics. 8,10,26,[36][37][38][39][40] Therefore, in this work, based on maintaining the optimized vacancy mole content at the A-site equal to 0.03, a defect-engineered chemical formula of Ba 0.015+1.5x Sr 0.245-1.5x □ 0.03 Bi 0.385 Na 0.325 TiO 3 is designed. By adjusting the Ba 2+ /Sr 2+ ratio to regulate the content of V ′′ Ba and V ′′ Sr , that is, the theoretical V ′′ Ba content is decreased while the V ′′ Sr content is increased, the effect of Ba 2+ /Sr 2+ regulation on the crystal structure, microstructure, dielectric properties, and energy storage characteristics is systematically investigated.…”

“…Subsequently, Bi 3+ with high valence was used to replace Sr 2+ in BSBNT ceramics by presetting Sr 2+ vacancies for charge compensation according to defect Equation (), and a double‐like P‐E hysteresis with high P max ‐P r value can be obtained in an optimized A‐site defect‐engineered composition of Ba 0.105 Sr 0.155 □ 0.03 Bi 0.385 Na 0.325 TiO 3 , resulting in an enhanced recoverable energy storage density ( W rec = 1.8 J/cm 3 ) at a relatively low electric field of 110 kV/cm. 8 Recently, vacancy defect engineering has been recognized as an effective strategy for improving the energy storage characteristics of BNT‐based ceramics 8,10,26,36–40 . Therefore, in this work, based on maintaining the optimized vacancy mole content at the A‐site equal to 0.03, a defect‐engineered chemical formula of Ba 0.015+1.5 x Sr 0.245‐1.5 x □ 0.03 Bi 0.385 Na 0.325 TiO 3 is designed.…”