Abstract:The emulsifying ability of the naturally occurring surfactant deoxycholic acid (DCA) was improved by dynamic interaction with nanometric layered particles, layered double hydroxide (LDH). As DCA molecules are rigid due to the facial configuration of hydrophobic–hydrophilic groups, they tend to form molecular aggregation in an acidic condition or imbalanced water–lipid ratios. In this study, the homogeneous hybrids of DCA and LDH were obtained by the in situ growth of LDH at a DCA molecule. The DCA−LDH hybrid s… Show more
“…As the LDH moiety can be soluble in acidic media, the colloidal stability of DA-LDH in acidic condition may be different from that in neutral pH. However, it can be suggested that the dissolution of LDH in acidic media plays a buffering role in protecting DA moiety from the attack of acid [50,51]. Figure 9DLS size distribution by intensity of the DL-R prepared at pH 7 and pH 12 in water and pH adjusted by using 1 M of NaOH.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…in a variety of media. Indeed, the DA-LDH could be used in the formulation of oil in water emulsion [ 50 ], which can be further used as cosmetics for transdermal delivery platforms.…”
Deoxycholate (DA) is a natural emulsifying agent involved in the absorption of dietary lipids. Due to the facial distribution of hydrophobic-hydrophilic region, DA easily aggregates under ambient conditions, and this property hinders the practical application of DA in clinical applications. In this study, we found that the molecular arrangement of DA molecules could be controlled by using layered double hydroxide (LDH) under a specific reaction condition. The effect of reaction methods such as co-precipitation, ion exchange and reconstruction on the molecular arrangement of DA was investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. It was demonstrated that the self-aggregation of DA molecules could be suppressed by the oriented arrangement of DA between the gallery space of LDH. The DA moiety was well stabilized in the LDH layers due to the electrostatic interaction between DA molecules and LDH layers. The most ordered arrangement of DA molecules was observed when DA was incorporated into LDH via a reconstruction method. The DA molecules arranged in LDH via reconstruction did not show significant exothermic or endothermic behaviour up to 400°C, showing that the DA moiety lost its intermolecular attraction in between LDH layers.
“…As the LDH moiety can be soluble in acidic media, the colloidal stability of DA-LDH in acidic condition may be different from that in neutral pH. However, it can be suggested that the dissolution of LDH in acidic media plays a buffering role in protecting DA moiety from the attack of acid [50,51]. Figure 9DLS size distribution by intensity of the DL-R prepared at pH 7 and pH 12 in water and pH adjusted by using 1 M of NaOH.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…in a variety of media. Indeed, the DA-LDH could be used in the formulation of oil in water emulsion [ 50 ], which can be further used as cosmetics for transdermal delivery platforms.…”
Deoxycholate (DA) is a natural emulsifying agent involved in the absorption of dietary lipids. Due to the facial distribution of hydrophobic-hydrophilic region, DA easily aggregates under ambient conditions, and this property hinders the practical application of DA in clinical applications. In this study, we found that the molecular arrangement of DA molecules could be controlled by using layered double hydroxide (LDH) under a specific reaction condition. The effect of reaction methods such as co-precipitation, ion exchange and reconstruction on the molecular arrangement of DA was investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. It was demonstrated that the self-aggregation of DA molecules could be suppressed by the oriented arrangement of DA between the gallery space of LDH. The DA moiety was well stabilized in the LDH layers due to the electrostatic interaction between DA molecules and LDH layers. The most ordered arrangement of DA molecules was observed when DA was incorporated into LDH via a reconstruction method. The DA molecules arranged in LDH via reconstruction did not show significant exothermic or endothermic behaviour up to 400°C, showing that the DA moiety lost its intermolecular attraction in between LDH layers.
“…In a previous study the inclusion of sodium cholate or SDC as edge activators incorporated into liposomes resulted in increased transdermal absorption vis-à-vis Tween 80. Hence, SDC was observed to improve the fluidity of vesicles to spontaneously squeeze though channels in the SC and prevents vesicle rupture when crossing through the different skin layers, eventually increase the deformability of the system 27 – 29 .…”
The current piece of research intends to evaluate the potential of combining etodolac with deformable-emulsomes, a flexible vesicular system, as a promising strategy for the topical therapy of arthritis. The developed carrier system featured nanometric dimensions (102 nm), an improved zeta potential (− 5.05 mV), sustained drug release (31.33%), and enhanced drug deposition (33.13%) of DE-gel vis-à-vis conventional system (10.34% and 14.71%). The amount of permeation of the developed nano formulation across skin layers was demonstrated through CLSM and dermatokinetics studies. The safety profile of deformable-emulsomes has been investigated through in vitro HaCaT cell culture studies and skin compliance studies. The efficacy of the DE-gel formulation was sevenfold higher in case of Xylene induced ear edema model and 2.2-folds in CFA induced arthritis model than that of group treated with conventional gel (p < 0.01). The main technological rationale lies in the use of phospholipid and sodium deoxycholate-based nanoscale flexible lipoidal vesicles, which effectively encapsulate drug molecules within their interiors. This encapsulation enhances the molecular interactions and facilitates the transportation of the drug molecule effectively to the target-site. Hence, these findings offer robust scientific evidence to support additional investigation into the potential utility of flexible vesicular systems as a promising drug delivery alternative for molecules of this nature.
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