“…Some metal complexes consisting of metal centers and macrocyclic chelating ligands, such as metal porphyrins and metal phthalocyanines, also have well-defined active centers, and can control the coordination environment by adjusting the coordination structure. 90,91 These molecular catalysts can be adsorbed and immobilized on carbon substrates in a covalent or non-covalent manner, enhancing electrical conductivity while preventing molecular aggregation, thus improving stability and atom utilization and showing exciting CO 2 RR performance. 92,93 For example, Ma and colleagues first synthesized tetra-(4-methoxycarbonyl-phenoxy) nickel phthalocyanine (MeNiPc) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methoxycarbonyl-phenyl) nickel porphyrin (MeNiPp) with the same functional groups, and then immersed graphene(G) into MeNiPc and MeNiPp solutions, respectively, and dried them by evaporation to fabricate MeNiPc/G and MeNiPp/G.…”