Enhanced electrochromic properties of terpyridine-attached asymmetric viologen with high transmittance and switching stability

Balamurugan, Gopal; Pande, Gaurav K.; Choi, Jun Hong; Park, Jong Soo

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2020.110714

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…A key parameter for evaluating EC performance is the cycling stability, which is recorded by in‐situ changes of transmittance at 633 nm with the potential windows from −1 to +1 V. As presented in Figure 3D, the W 17 O 47 /(NaWO 3 ‐knots)@PEDOT:PSS electrode has an ultralong cycling life (retaining 76% of its original optical modulation after 12 400 cycles), which is one order of magnitude larger than that previously reported for WO 3 @PEDOT system (1000 cycles) 1417,20 . In addition, this cycling performance is also the best among other types of flexible electrodes reported (Table 1, WO 3− x nanocrystals [1000 cycles], 29 MXene [500 cycles], 36 PANI [500 cycles], 39 viologen [360 cycles], 37 and Ni(OH) 2 [7000 cycles] 35 ). By comparison, W 17 O 47 /(NaWO 3 ‐knots) presents a cycling stability (retaining 76.6% after 7040 cycles, Figure S9).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Three‐dimensional knotting of W₁₇O₄₇@PEDOT:PSS nanowires enables high‐performance flexible cathode for dual‐functional electrochromic and electrochemical device

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2022

InfoMat

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An efficient integration of electrochromic and electrochemical devices into one flexible entity enables both energy storage and energy-saving dual-functionalities.For this purpose, achieving both high electrochromic and electrochemical performance is the key aspect. Herein, a new 3D architecture is successfully made by knotting W 17 O 47 @PEDOT (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)):PSS (poly (styrenesulfonate)) nanowires with NaWO 3 nanoknots, and interestingly, the 3D W 17 O 47 /(NaWO 3 -knots)@PEDOT:PSS cathode thus-made simultaneously exhibits a large optical modulation (79.7% at 633 nm), an ultra-long cycling life (76% of original optical modulation retained after 12 400 cycles), and a high areal capacitance (55.1 mF cm À2 at 0.1 mA cm À2 ). Our density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the much improved dual-functional performance is correlated to the raised electronic conductivity and ion adsorption at the W 17 O 47 / (NaWO 3 nanoknots) interface, together with the ion adsorption of PEDOT:PSS in the 3D-knotted architecture. As a proof-of-concept application, different-sized flexible dual-functional electrochromic/electrochemical devices (FDEDs) were assembled and investigated for various application scenarios, including a smart window (15 cm Â 10 cm), a wearable wristband (20 cm Â 2.5 cm), and a smart eyeglass.The smart window made of the FDED enables a large temperature difference of 27.6 C confirm-tested in model houses, where the energy source also powers three light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The understandings of the key governing principles in the electrodes and dual-functionalities provide a timely foundation for the new generation flexible multifunctional devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Three‐dimensional knotting of W₁₇O₄₇@PEDOT:PSS nanowires enables high‐performance flexible cathode for dual‐functional electrochromic and electrochemical device

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2022

InfoMat

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“…6 However, flexible ECDs often suffered from limited performance and long-term stability, compared to rigid ECDs, due to high interfacial resistance and low uniformity of the film electrode. 7,8 Electrochromic materials can be classified into several types depending on their chemical and structural characteristics. 9 As a type of organic electrochromic material, viologen derivatives have proved attractive owing to facile molecular engineering and acceptable coloration switching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Area Flexible Electrochromic Devices with High-Performance and Low-Power Consumption Enabled by Hydroxyhexyl Viologen-Substituted Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane

Sun

Eom

Kim

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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In this work, we prepared octa-hydroxyhexyl viologen-substituted polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OHHV-POSS) as an organic−inorganic composite material applicable for large-area flexible electrochromic devices (FECDs). The organic−inorganic hybrid structure supported by the POSS cage and the enhanced interaction between hydroxyl end-groups and lithium salts can effectively increase the ionic conductivity of the ion gel films, thereby improving the electrochromic performance capabilities. Homogeneous ion gel was obtained with polyvinyl butyral and a lithium salt, and outstanding electrochromic properties were observed during electrochromic device operations. The FECDs of various sizes were fabricated for systematic evaluation, and the device of up to 22.5 × 19.5 cm 2 was successfully constructed using the simple doctor blade coating method. The prepared large-area FECDs achieved a large transmittance difference of 70.0% at 604 nm, fast switching times of 21.1 and 18.0 s, high coloration efficiency of 260.61 cm 2 /C, long-term cycling stability of up to 300 cycles, and low power consumption of about 250 μW/cm 2 . Furthermore, the device was maintained stably in various application tests for heat insulation and storage, UV resistance, and mechanical stability. High performance and low power consumption of OHHV-POSS prove suitable for large-area FECDs, suggesting promising potential for smart windows, wristbands, and eyewear products.

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“…Moreover, multistimuli-responsive materials are also widely used in optical switches, information technology, biomedicine, anticounterfeiting, medical diagnosis, and so on. − Among various stimulus-sensitive materials, coordination polymers (CP) based on 4,4′-bipyridine derivatives are known for their unique photochromic properties and special electron-deficient properties. − In recent years, some researchers are keen to use 4,4′-bipyridinium derivatives to construct multifunctional smart materials, which respond to multiple stimuli, such as UV light, − X-rays, − electricity, − heat, , and organic amines. − In the process of electron transfer, the generation of radicals could induce structural, electronic, or energetic modifications, which further changes the corresponding catalytic, magnetic, electrical, and nonlinear optic properties. In addition, anions also play a key role in electron transfer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Long-Lived Persistent Room-Temperature Phosphorescence and Anion Exchange with I^– and SCN^– via Metal–Organic Hybrid Formation

Yang

Zheng

Meng

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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An in-depth understanding of structure–property relationships and the construction of multifunctional stimuli-responsive materials are still difficult challenges. Herein, we discovered a 4,4′-bipyridinium derivative with both photochromism and dynamic afterglow at 77 K for the first time. A one-dimensional (1D) Cd(II) coordination polymer (1) assembled by only a 4,4′-bipyridinium derivative and cadmium chloride showed photochromism, room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and electrochromism. Interestingly, we found that 1 underwent single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation during the anion exchange process, and the color of the crystal changed from colorless to yellow (1-SCN – ) within 10 min. Complex 1 exhibited photochromism, whereas 1-SCN – did not. The difference in the photochromic behavior between the two complexes was ascribed to the electron transfer pathway between the carboxylate groups and viologen. The DFT calculation based on the crystal structure of 1-SCN – indicated that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) were mainly located on bipyridine and cadmium atoms, eliminating the possibility of electron transfer, whereas for complex 1, electron transfer was probable from O and Cl atoms to pyridinium N atoms in viologen as demonstrated by density of states (DOS) calculations. In addition, complex 1 was successfully made into test paper for the rapid detection of I– and SCN– and displayed potential applications in inkless printing, multiple encryption, and anticounterfeiting.

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Enhanced electrochromic properties of terpyridine-attached asymmetric viologen with high transmittance and switching stability

Cited by 39 publications

References 49 publications

Three‐dimensional knotting of W₁₇O₄₇@PEDOT:PSS nanowires enables high‐performance flexible cathode for dual‐functional electrochromic and electrochemical device

Three‐dimensional knotting of W₁₇O₄₇@PEDOT:PSS nanowires enables high‐performance flexible cathode for dual‐functional electrochromic and electrochemical device

Large-Area Flexible Electrochromic Devices with High-Performance and Low-Power Consumption Enabled by Hydroxyhexyl Viologen-Substituted Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane

Enhancement of Long-Lived Persistent Room-Temperature Phosphorescence and Anion Exchange with I^– and SCN^– via Metal–Organic Hybrid Formation

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Enhanced electrochromic properties of terpyridine-attached asymmetric viologen with high transmittance and switching stability

Cited by 39 publications

References 49 publications

Three‐dimensional knotting of W17O47@PEDOT:PSS nanowires enables high‐performance flexible cathode for dual‐functional electrochromic and electrochemical device

Three‐dimensional knotting of W17O47@PEDOT:PSS nanowires enables high‐performance flexible cathode for dual‐functional electrochromic and electrochemical device

Large-Area Flexible Electrochromic Devices with High-Performance and Low-Power Consumption Enabled by Hydroxyhexyl Viologen-Substituted Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane

Enhancement of Long-Lived Persistent Room-Temperature Phosphorescence and Anion Exchange with I– and SCN– via Metal–Organic Hybrid Formation

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Three‐dimensional knotting of W₁₇O₄₇@PEDOT:PSS nanowires enables high‐performance flexible cathode for dual‐functional electrochromic and electrochemical device

Three‐dimensional knotting of W₁₇O₄₇@PEDOT:PSS nanowires enables high‐performance flexible cathode for dual‐functional electrochromic and electrochemical device

Enhancement of Long-Lived Persistent Room-Temperature Phosphorescence and Anion Exchange with I^– and SCN^– via Metal–Organic Hybrid Formation