Enhanced electrochemical performance of graphene modified LiFePO4 cathode material for lithium ion batteries

Dhindsa, Kulwinder; Mandal, Balaji P.; Bazzi, Khadije; Lin, Ming‐Hsien; Nazri, M.; Nazri, G.A.; Naik, V. M.; Garg, V. K.; Oliveira, A. C.; Vaishnava, P. P.; Naik, R.; Zhou, Zhixian

doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2013.08.030

Cited by 42 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…1 This olivine structured cathode material also has an excellent theoretical specic capacity of 170 mA h g À1 and a at charge-discharge prole at $3.4 V vs. Li/Li + due to two-phase reaction. 1,2 Being less expensive and safer than LiCoO 2 makes it a better choice for large-scale applications such as hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. However, LiFePO 4 possess inherently poor electronic and ionic conductivities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, LiFePO 4 possess inherently poor electronic and ionic conductivities. Many approaches, such as reducing the particle size to nano sizes, [2][3][4][5] coating with conductive carbon [6][7][8][9][10] and doping LiFePO 4 with various cations [11][12][13] has been proposed to circumvent the same.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, in the present work proton induced gamma emission (PIGE) technique has been used to determine the lithium concentration in the as-synthesized Li x FePO 4 -based samples. PIGE is an isotope specic nuclear analytical technique capable of determining elements with very low Z (such as Li, B, F, N, Si, Al) using low energy proton beam (2)(3)(4)(5). It can determine concentrations of elements non-destructively in complex materials like ceramics, glass and carbides, which are otherwise difficult to be analysed using conventional wetchemical methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of lithium content in LiFePO₄ for superior electrochemical performance: the role of impurities

et al. 2018

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of lithium content in LiFePO₄ for superior electrochemical performance: the role of impurities

et al. 2018

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“…The morphology of the samples was investigated using a JSM-6510-LV-LGS scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Tokyo, Japan) and a JEOL 2010 transmission microscope (TEM) (Tokyo, Japan). 57 Fe Mössbauer spectra were measured and fitted to obtain Mössbauer parameters using equipment and procedure described in our earlier work [36]. XPS measurements were performed using a Perkin-Elmer XPS systems (Waltham, UK), equipped with a cylindrical mirror analyzer and a highly monochromatic Al Kα (1486.6 eV) X-ray source.…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Electrochemical Performance of LiFePO4/C by Indium Doping and High Temperature Annealing

et al. 2017

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Abstract:We have prepared nano-structured In-doped (1 mol %) LiFePO 4 /C samples by sol-gel method followed by a selective high temperature (600 and 700 • C) annealing in a reducing environment of flowing Ar/H 2 atmosphere. The crystal structure, particle size, morphology, and magnetic properties of nano-composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microsopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. The Rietveld refinement of XRD patterns of the nano-composites were indexed to the olivine crystal structure of LiFePO 4 with space group Pnma, showing minor impurities of Fe 2 P and Li 3 PO 4 due to decomposition of LiFePO 4 . We found that the doping of In in LiFePO 4 /C nanocomposites affects the amount of decomposed products, when compared to the un-doped ones treated under similar conditions. An optimum amount of Fe 2 P present in the In-doped samples enhances the electronic conductivity to achieve a much improved electrochemical performance. The galvanostatic charge/discharge curves show a significant improvement in the electrochemical performance of 700 • C annealed In-doped-LiFePO 4 /C sample with a discharge capacity of 142 mAh·g −1 at 1 C rate, better rate capability (~128 mAh·g −1 at 10 C rate,~75% of the theoretical capacity) and excellent cyclic stability (96% retention after 250 cycles) compared to other samples. This enhancement in electrochemical performance is consistent with the results of our electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements showing decreased charge-transfer resistance and high exchange current density.

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“…In order to save production costs and decrease environmental pollution, cheap and low‐toxicity materials should be used. Many researchers recognize the importance of inexpensive, inorganic iron salts, and FeCl 2 ⋅4 H 2 O, FeSO 4 ⋅7 H 2 O, and Fe(NO 3 ) 3 are often used. Often ethanol is replaced by cheap water as solvent …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(vinylpylrrolidone) as Surfactant in the Sol–Gel Preparation of Lithium Iron Phospate/Carbon Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Fan

Chen

et al. 2016

Energy Tech

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Lithium iron phosphate/carbon (LiFePO4/C) is synthesized by a modified sol–gel method, in which the nonionic surfactant poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) is used. PVP plays a dual roles in the preparation of LiFePO4/C: it is used as surfactant to prevent the colloid particles and carbon source from aggregating, and is a carbon source. The carbon contents and conductivities of LiFePO4/C increase with increasing of PVP. When the ratio of PVP to LiFePO4 reaches 1 ‰, the conductivity of LiFePO4/C reaches its optimal value of 2.67×10−2 S cm−1 and its discharge capacity at 1 C is 131.0 mAh g−1. This is because the use of PVP leads particles that are small and have a homogeneous size distribution, which is due to dispersion by PVP. Titanium (Ti4+)‐doped samples, obtained from a sol–gel method, possess even better performances. The discharge capacities of this sample is 111.1 mAh g−1at 5 C and 87.3 mAh g−1 at 8 C. The gap in potential between the oxidative and reductive peaks is as low as 0.2053 V, which shows its reversibility is excellent.

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Enhanced electrochemical performance of graphene modified LiFePO4 cathode material for lithium ion batteries

Cited by 42 publications

References 55 publications

Optimization of lithium content in LiFePO₄ for superior electrochemical performance: the role of impurities

Optimization of lithium content in LiFePO₄ for superior electrochemical performance: the role of impurities

Optimization of Electrochemical Performance of LiFePO4/C by Indium Doping and High Temperature Annealing

Poly(vinylpylrrolidone) as Surfactant in the Sol–Gel Preparation of Lithium Iron Phospate/Carbon Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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Enhanced electrochemical performance of graphene modified LiFePO4 cathode material for lithium ion batteries

Cited by 42 publications

References 55 publications

Optimization of lithium content in LiFePO4 for superior electrochemical performance: the role of impurities

Optimization of lithium content in LiFePO4 for superior electrochemical performance: the role of impurities

Optimization of Electrochemical Performance of LiFePO4/C by Indium Doping and High Temperature Annealing

Poly(vinylpylrrolidone) as Surfactant in the Sol–Gel Preparation of Lithium Iron Phospate/Carbon Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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Optimization of lithium content in LiFePO₄ for superior electrochemical performance: the role of impurities

Optimization of lithium content in LiFePO₄ for superior electrochemical performance: the role of impurities