Recently, attention
on pyridine adsorption and reaction at the
electrode/electrolyte interface has been revitalized in the context
of pyridine-mediated reactions such as CO2 reduction. Taking
Pt as an example, although numerous efforts have been made, disagreements
are still unresolved regarding the potential-dependent adsorption
of pyridine on the Pt electrode, which further prevents an explicit
understanding of the pyridine-mediated electrochemical process at
a molecular level. Here, we employed an operando electrochemical surface-enhanced
Raman spectroscopy method, in combination with the density functional
theory calculation and isotopic labeling of the molecule, to thoroughly
study how pyridine interacts with the Pt electrode/electrolyte interface.
For the first time, it is corroborated that pyridine is adsorbed on
the Pt electrode in both pyridine molecule (Py) and α-pyridyl
radical (α-Pyl) states. On the basis of a systematic investigation
of the potential-dependent vibrational spectra, we further explored
how the coverage, configuration, and binding strength of both Py and
α-Pyl adsorbates on the Pt electrode are tuned by electrode
polarization and accordingly established a structural model at the
electrochemical interface. Our work not only ends the long-time disputes
on how pyridine interacts with the Pt electrode but also provides
crucial information for the mechanistic research of pyridine-mediated
reaction process.