Enhanced DQE and sub-pixel resolution by single-event processing in counting hybrid pixel electron detectors: A simulation study

Abstract

Detective quantum efficiency (DQE) is a prominent figure of merit for imaging detectors, and its optimization is of fundamental importance for the efficient use of the experimental apparatus. In this work, I study the potential improvement offered by data processing on a single-event basis in a counting hybrid pixel electron detector (HPD). In particular, I introduce a simple and robust method of single-event processing based on the substitution of the original cluster of pixels with an isotropic Gaussian function. Key features are a better filtering of the noise power spectrum (NPS) and readily allowing for sub-pixel resolution. The performance of the proposed method is compared to other standard techniques such as centroiding and event normalization, in the simulated realistic scenario of 100 keV electrons impinging on a 450 μm-thick silicon sensor with a pixel size of 75 μm, yielding the best results. The DQE can potentially be enhanced over the entire spatial frequency range, increasing from 0.86 to nearly 1 at zero frequency and extending up to 1.40 times the physical Nyquist frequency of the system thanks to the sub-pixel resolution capability.

Innovation of control technology for smart fuzes: precise detonation and efficient damage via a ternary cascade controller

“…In [21,24,28,29,31,35,36], most of the environment models of the laser fuze during launching flight and the simulated dust environment for testing the performance of laser fuze were established. For the electromagnetic railgun fuze, [17][18][19][20] formed a relatively complete model of the electric and magnetic field environment in the bore through simulations and experiments. The above models can support the construction of an environment multi-physics database of a smart fuze, but the environment models required by various fuzes still require expansion to enrich the database.…”

“…The damage probability of different radial positions along the same gun line is calculated in order to determine the best initiation position [9][10][11]16]. Based on time-frequency joint features, a naive Bayes classifier (NBC) with minimal risk is established for target and interference recognition to improve the adaptability of the proposed method in complex environments [16][17][18]. The improvement of some detectors (HPD) in improving the detection efficiency is studied, which will guide future fuze detection and identification of targets.…”

Cryo-electron tomography: a triumphant breakthrough in structural biology

“…However, in practice, due to the low SNR, all detectors have DQE values less than 1. In the early stages of the development of modern TEM, film cameras were commonly used to capture images of specimens (Zambon, 2023). Although film cameras have traditionally provided high DQE values, a certain amount of information was lost while the film was being scanned and processed for development.…”