Enhanced dispersion and properties of a two-component epoxy nanocomposite using surface modified cellulose nanocrystals

Peng, Shane X.; Shrestha, Shikha; Yoo, Youngman; Youngblood, Jeffrey P.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2017.02.016

Cited by 55 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The mechanical features of this kind of nanocomposites are deeply affected by the interfacial adhesion between CNCs and the polymer matrix, which can enhanced by caring out specific modifications on these components (Gopi et al, 2019). On the other hand, the combination of CNCs and thermosets (unsaturated polyesters, some polyurethanes, epoxy and phenolic resins) in nanocomposites aims to couple attractive features from each compound in a synergetic manner (Peng et al, 2017;Yue et al, 2018). CNCs provide better strength and stiffness along with resistance to corrosion.…”

Section: Nanocellulose Based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

et al. 2020

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Over the past few years, nanocellulose (NC), cellulose in the form of nanostructures, has been proved to be one of the most prominent green materials of modern times. NC materials have gained growing interests owing to their attractive and excellent characteristics such as abundance, high aspect ratio, better mechanical properties, renewability, and biocompatibility. The abundant hydroxyl functional groups allow a wide range of functionalizations via chemical reactions, leading to developing various materials with tunable features. In this review, recent advances in the preparation, modification, and emerging application of nanocellulose, especially cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), are described and discussed based on the analysis of the latest investigations (particularly for the reports of the past 3 years). We start with a concise background of cellulose, its structural organization as well as the nomenclature of cellulose nanomaterials for beginners in this field. Then, different experimental procedures for the production of nanocelluloses, their properties, and functionalization approaches were elaborated. Furthermore, a number of recent and emerging uses of nanocellulose in nanocomposites, Pickering emulsifiers, wood adhesives, wastewater treatment, as well as in new evolving biomedical applications are presented. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of NC-based emerging materials are discussed.

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Section: Nanocellulose Based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

et al. 2020

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“…[ 35 ] Peng et al. [ 36 ] showed that better dispersion of covalently modified CNCs in an amine crosslinked epoxy matrix resulted in a higher Young's modulus, tensile strength, and work of fracture. However, in water‐based preparation methods, the dispersion state of CNCs and their interactions with polymer particles also influence their spatial arrangement in the dried films and thus, their impact on physical properties.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC)–Latex Nanocomposites: Effect of CNC Hydrophilicity and Charge on Rheological, Mechanical, and Adhesive Properties

Pakdel

Niinivaara

Cranston

et al. 2020

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), a sustainable nanomaterial, are in situ incorporated into emulsion‐based pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs). Commercially available CNCs with different surface hydrophilicity and surface charge (CNC101 and CNC103 from CelluForce) are used to explore their role in PSA property modification. Viscosity measurements and atomic force microscopy reveal differences in degree of association between the CNCs and the latex particles depending on the surface properties of the CNCs. The more hydrophilic and higher surface charge CNCs (CNC101) show less association with the latex particles. Dynamic strain sweep tests are used to analyze the strain‐softening of the nanocomposites based on CNC type and loading. The CNC101 nanocomposites soften at lower strains than their CNC103 counterparts. This behavior is confirmed via dynamic frequency tests and modeling of the nanocomposites’ storage moduli, which suggest the formation of CNC aggregates of, on average, 3.8 CNC101 and 1.3 CNC103 nanoparticles. Finally, PSA properties, i.e., tack, peel strength, and shear strength, simultaneously increase upon addition of both CNC types, although to different extents. The relationship between the PSA properties and CNC surface properties confirms that the less hydrophilic CNCs lead to improved CNC dispersion in the PSA films and therefore, enhance PSA properties.

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“…Composite containing 0.2 wt% modified CNCs exhibits enhancements of tensile strength (77%) and modulus (44%). Peng et al [117] studied the influence of alkane chain length on the dispersibility of modified CNCs in epoxy. CNCs modified by acetyl and hexanoyl show good dispersibility, thereby improving the mechanical properties of nanocomposites.…”

Section: Esterification Of Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally or artificially constructed nanocellulose architectures for epoxy composites: A review

Soomro

Huang

et al. 2020

Nanotechnology Reviews

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Applications of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy-based composites have been highly restricted due to their high cost in the manufacturing process. Cellulose, a cheap and abundant material from nature, shows excellent mechanical property and structural stability. It shows huge potentials in substituting carbon fiber/epoxy with cellulose/epoxy composites to fulfill the great demands for composites with good performance and a reasonable price. This paper first reviews works about the preparation and regulation of cellulose materials based on the very basic concepts of top-down and bottom-up. Then research about the interfacial regulation between cellulose and epoxy has been discussed in two broad classes of covalent and non-covalent modification. Finally, the enhancement effect of cellulose reinforcement has been discussed in two broad classes of dispersive reinforcement and continuous phase reinforcement. The latter can be further divided into three classes according to the dimension feature (1D, 2D, and 3D). The results show that the nanolization of cellulose is necessary for guaranteeing the strength of composites, while the formation of macroscopic and continuous structures can ensure Young’s modulus of composites.

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Enhanced dispersion and properties of a two-component epoxy nanocomposite using surface modified cellulose nanocrystals

Cited by 55 publications

References 54 publications

Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC)–Latex Nanocomposites: Effect of CNC Hydrophilicity and Charge on Rheological, Mechanical, and Adhesive Properties

Naturally or artificially constructed nanocellulose architectures for epoxy composites: A review

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