Enhanced dispersibility and uniform distribution of iron phosphonate to intensify its synergistic effect on polypropylene‐based intumescent flame‐retardant system

Abstract

Good dispersion and distributed nanoscaled synergists are expected to greatly enhance the performance of flame retardants. Here, a new type of iron organic‐phosphonate (FeP) nanoparticles was synthesized and utilized as the synergist for polypropylene‐based intumescent flame‐retardant system (IFR/PP). To improve the dispersion of the FeP in the IFR/PP system, a master‐batch method was used to achieve separation between the FeP particles, which included hydrogen bonding with ammonium polyphosphate (APP). To improve its compatibility with PP, the hybrid synergist FeP@APP@CS was produced by electrostatic interaction with chitosan (CS). The results showed that the FeP@APP@CS nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed in the PP matrix and selectively located on the IFR particles, achieving compatibility between the PP and IFR. The FeP@APP@CS/IFR/PP system exhibited an enhanced limiting oxygen index (LOI) of up to 28.5%, and achieved an improved vertical burning rating of V‐0 (UL‐94), compared to the IFR/PP system. The improved flame‐retardant properties, even at low levels of IFR loading, were attributed to the homogeneous dispersion of the FeP@APP@CS throughout the IFR system and the fine synergistic effect between the FeP@APP@CS and IFR.

Synergistic effects of polyoxometalate‐based ionic liquid‐doped sepiolite in intumescent flame‐retardant high‐density polyethylene

“…One of the most important ways to improve the flame retardancy of polyolefins is to use an intumescent flame retardant (IFR), which is generally composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) . 2,3 During combustion, the APP/PER generates a protective char layer on the surface, thereby inhibiting the transfer of mass, flammable gases, and heat to prevent the underlying matrix from further burning 4,5 . However, the intumescent formulation alone cannot provide the desired flame‐retardant properties for commercial use.…”

“…Several synergists or catalysts that can enhance the performance of traditional IFR systems have been developed, such as clay, 7,8 zeolites, 9 and metallic compounds 3,10 . Recently, sepiolite (SEP), as a member of the nanoclay family, has attracted a lot of interest 11,12 .…”

Amino Phenyl Copper Phosphate-Bridged Reactive Phosphaphenanthrene to Intensify Fire Safety of Epoxy Resins

“…Furthermore, nitrogenous DOPO compounds synthesized by the addition reaction of DOPO and imine compounds are the most common solidified DOPO flame retardants [ 18 ]. The advantages of DOPO-imine flame retardants lie in their simple synthesis conditions, adjustable reaction process, high product yield and molecular structure containing both phosphorus and nitrogen flame-retardant elements [ 19 , 20 ]. The application of DOPO combined with inorganic nanomaterials through the amino group in flame-retardant EP has been reported.…”

Influence of char‐forming lignin in combination with aluminium phosphinate on thermal stability and combustion properties of polyamide 11 blends

“…The combination of lignin with phosphorus FR provides extended flame retardancy to polymers. A large variety of phosphorus FR compounds, such as red phosphorus, 17 phosphate, 18 phosphonates, 19 and hypophosphite 20 have been studied as halogen‐free flame retardants (FRs). In the same line, Cayla et al evaluated the efficacy of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and alkali lignin in PLA matrix for developing inherently flame‐retardant and biobased fabric 21 .…”

“…[14][15][16] The combination of lignin with phosphorus FR provides extended flame retardancy to polymers. A large variety of phosphorus FR compounds, such as red phosphorus, 17 phosphate, 18 phosphonates, 19 and hypophosphite 20 have been studied as halogen-free flame retardants (FRs).…”